Please help.

Literacy tests worked to dany the right to vote to African Americans primarily because

a.. all white voters had higher literacy rates.
b. the tests were only required in Southern States.
c, African Americans were asked questions that were more difficult than those asked of prospective white voters.

I can't decide between b or c. Please help if you can.

I answered my own question. It is c. I just found the answer in my book.