Chloroplasts and mitochondria are essential structures found within a plant cell.
Chloroplasts are necessary for the process of photosynthesis. A chloroplast uses light energy from the Sun to convert carbon dioxide and water into glucose and oxygen. The chemical equation for photosynthesis is 6CO2 + 6H2O + energy → C6H12O6 + 6O2.
Mitochondria are necessary for the process of cellular respiration. Within a mitochondrion, glucose and oxygen react to form carbon dioxide, water, and a usable form of energy called ATP. The chemical equation for respiration is C6H12O6 + 6O2 → 6CO2 + 6H2O + ATP.
The diagram shows illustrations of a chloroplast and a mitochondrion.
The first illustration shows an oval-shaped structure labelled 'Chloroplast'. The chloroplast shows two membranes, an outer membrane and an inner membrane. Between these two membranes is a thin space labeled 'Intermembrane space'. Inside the chloroplast there are stacks of disc-shaped structures called thylakoids, where each disc-shaped structure is labeled 'Granum'. The space outside the thylakoids is labeled 'Stroma'. The connecting structure between thylakoids is labeled 'Lamella'. The second illustration shows a rod-shaped structure labelled 'Mitochondrion'. The mitochondrion shows two membranes, an outer membrane and an inner membrane. The latter is folded and tubular with large surfaces; it encloses a space labelled 'Matrix'. Between the outer and inner membranes is the intermembrane space. The space formed by the folds of the inner membrane is labeled 'Cristae'.
Photosynthesis and cellular respiration occur throughout the life of a plant. The diagram shows a plant as it grows from a seed to an adult.
The illustrations show a plant as it grows from a seed to an adult as time increases.
Multiple Choice Question
Which best describes the usable energy found in plants?
A.
Plants use chemical reactions in the chloroplast to break down the food that was made during photosynthesis.
B.
Plants use chemical reactions in the mitochondrion to break down the food that was made during photosynthesis.
C.
Plants use chemical reactions in the mitochondrion to break down the food that was made during cellular respiration.
D.
Plants use chemical reactions in the chloroplast to break down the food that was made during cellular respiration.
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The best option that describes the usable energy found in plants is:
B. Plants use chemical reactions in the mitochondrion to break down the food that was made during photosynthesis.
This is because during photosynthesis, plants produce glucose (food) in the chloroplasts, and then during cellular respiration, which occurs in the mitochondria, glucose is broken down to release usable energy in the form of ATP.
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