Photosynthesis and Respiration

Question

Chloroplasts and mitochondria are essential structures found within a plant cell.

Chloroplasts are necessary for the process of photosynthesis. A chloroplast uses light energy from the Sun to convert carbon dioxide and water into glucose and oxygen. The chemical equation for photosynthesis is 6CO2 + 6H2O + energy → C6H12O6 + 6O2.

Mitochondria are necessary for the process of cellular respiration. Within a mitochondrion, glucose and oxygen react to form carbon dioxide, water, and a usable form of energy called ATP. The chemical equation for respiration is C6H12O6 + 6O2 → 6CO2 + 6H2O + ATP.

The diagram shows illustrations of a chloroplast and a mitochondrion.

The first illustration shows an oval-shaped structure labelled 'Chloroplast'. The chloroplast shows two membranes, an outer membrane and an inner membrane. Between these two membranes is a thin space labeled 'Intermembrane space'. Inside the chloroplast there are stacks of disc-shaped structures called thylakoids, where each disc-shaped structure is labeled 'Granum'. The space outside the thylakoids is labeled 'Stroma'. The connecting structure between thylakoids is labeled 'Lamella'. The second illustration shows a rod-shaped structure labelled 'Mitochondrion'. The mitochondrion shows two membranes, an outer membrane and an inner membrane. The latter is folded and tubular with large surfaces; it encloses a space labelled 'Matrix'. Between the outer and inner membranes is the intermembrane space. The space formed by the folds of the inner membrane is labeled 'Cristae'.

Photosynthesis and cellular respiration occur throughout the life of a plant. The diagram shows a plant as it grows from a seed to an adult.

The illustrations show a plant as it grows from a seed to an adult as time increases.

Multiple Choice Question
What evidence does the diagram of the plant in the passage provide?

A.
Producers require energy from sunlight in order to grow.

B.
Oxygen is released as waste during the process of photosynthesis.

C.
Some of the energy released during cellular respiration is used for growth.

D.
Water is involved in chemical reactions within the chloroplast and the mitochondrion.

Answer 1

The best answer to the question based on the information provided in the passage is:

A. Producers require energy from sunlight in order to grow.

This option closely relates to the role of chloroplasts in photosynthesis, which uses sunlight to convert carbon dioxide and water into glucose, a process necessary for plant growth. Option B, while true, does not directly relate to the evidence provided by the growth of the plant. Option C, although it can be inferred, is not explicitly stated in the passage. Option D, while accurate, is more about the role of water in the processes rather than growth itself. Therefore, A is the most pertinent choice.