Ph, Acids, and bases quick check

Answer 1

Sure! Here’s a quick check regarding pH, acids, and bases:

Key Concepts:

1. pH Scale:

   • Ranges from 0 to 14.
   • Acidic Solutions: pH < 7 (higher concentration of H⁺ ions).
   • Neutral Solutions: pH = 7 (pure water).
   • Basic (Alkaline) Solutions: pH > 7 (higher concentration of OH⁻ ions).

2. Acids:

   • Taste sour.
   • Turn litmus paper red.
   • Release H⁺ ions in solution.
   • Examples: Hydrochloric acid (HCl), sulfuric acid (H₂SO₄), acetic acid (CH₃COOH).

3. Bases:

   • Taste bitter and feel slippery.
   • Turn litmus paper blue.
   • Release OH⁻ ions in solution.
   • Examples: Sodium hydroxide (NaOH), potassium hydroxide (KOH), ammonia (NH₃).

4. Neutralization Reaction:

   • When an acid reacts with a base, they produce water and a salt.
   • Example: HCl + NaOH → NaCl + H₂O.

5. Indicators:

   • Substances that change color depending on the pH of the solution.
   • Common indicators: litmus paper, phenolphthalein, bromothymol blue.

Quick Questions:

1. What is the pH of a strong acid like hydrochloric acid?
2. What is the pH of pure water?
3. Name a common household base.
4. What happens to pH when an acid is added to a neutral solution?
5. Give an example of a neutralization reaction.

Answers:

1. pH < 1 (depending on concentration, could be as low as 0).
2. pH = 7.
3. Baking soda (sodium bicarbonate) or liquid soap.
4. The pH decreases (becomes more acidic).
5. HCl + NaOH → NaCl + H₂O.

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