To accurately determine how paragraph 3 refines the author's ideas in the article, we would need to refer to the specific content of that paragraph. However, based on the options provided and the general context of the article, one plausible choice might be:
D. distinguishing between what does and does not qualify as a friendship between birds and humans.
This option suggests a deeper examination of the nature of friendships across species, which often aligns with discussions in articles about animal behavior and human-animal relationships. If paragraph 3 indeed provides such distinctions, it would effectively refine the author's ideas on the subject. If you have access to the content of paragraph 3, I can provide more specific guidance!