Gisela Kaplan
2017
In this article, Gisela Kaplan discusses the relationship between humans and magpies, a type of black and white bird.
Can one form a friendship with a magpie — even when adult males are protecting their nests during the swooping season? The short answer is: “Yes, one can.”
Ravens and magpies are known to form powerful allegiances among themselves. In fact, Australia is thought to be a hotspot for cooperative behavior in birds worldwide. They like to stick together with family and mates.
Of course, many bird species may readily become tame enough to take food from our hand, but this isn’t really “friendship.” However, there is evidence that, remarkably, free-living magpies can forge lasting relationships with people, even without depending on us for food or shelter.
When magpies are permanently settled on human property, they are also far less likely to swoop the people who live there. Over 80% of all successfully breeding magpies live near human houses, which means the vast majority of people never get swooped. Also, since magpies can live between 25 and 30 years and are territorial, they can develop lifelong friendships with humans. This bond can extend to trusting certain people around their offspring.
A key reason why friendships with magpies are possible is that we now know that magpies are able to recognize and remember individual human faces for many years. They will remember someone who was good to them; equally, they remember negative encounters.
Why become friends?
Magpies that actively form friendships with people make this investment (from their point of view) for good reason. Properties suitable for magpies are hard to come by and the competition is fierce. Most magpies will not secure a territory — let alone breed — until they are at least five years old. In fact, only about 14% of adult magpies ever succeed in breeding.
The difference between simply not swooping someone and a real friendship manifests in several ways. When magpies have formed an attachment, they will often show their trust, for example, by formally introducing their offspring. They may allow their chicks to play near people, not fly away when a resident human is approaching, and actually approach or roost near a human.
In rare cases, they may even join in human activity. On one extraordinary occasion, an adult female magpie gingerly entered my house on foot, and hopped over to my desk where I was sitting. She watched me type on the keyboard and even looked at the screen. I had to get up to take a phone call and when I returned, the magpie had taken up a position at my keyboard, pecked the keys gently, and then looked at the “results” on the screen.
The bird was curious about everything I did. She also wanted to play with me and found my shoelaces particularly attractive, pulling them and then running away a little only to return for another go.
Importantly, it was the bird that had begun to take the initiative and had chosen to socially interact and such behavior, as research has shown particularly in primates, is part of the basis of social bonds and friendships.
Risky business
If magpies can be so good with humans, how can one explain their swooping at people? It’s worth bearing in mind that swooping magpies do not act in aggression or anger but as nest defenders. The strategy they choose is based on risk assessment.
A risk is posed by someone who is unknown and was not present at the time of nest building, which unfortunately is often the case in public places and parks. That person is then classified as a territorial intruder and thus a potential risk to their family. At this point the male guarding the nest performs a warning swoop, literally asking a person to step away from the nest area.
If warnings are ignored, the adult male may try to conduct a near-contact swoop aimed at the head. Magpie swooping is generally a defensive action taken when someone unknown approaches who the magpie believes intends harm. It is not an arbitrary attack.
When I was swooped for the first time in a public place, I slowly walked over to the other side of the road. Importantly, I allowed the male to study my face and appearance from a safe distance, so he could remember me in the future. This is a useful strategy since we now know that magpies remember human faces.
A sure way of escalating conflict is to fence them with a device like an umbrella or to run away at high speed. This approach may well confirm for the magpie that the person concerned is dangerous and needs to be fought with every available strategy.
In dealing with magpies, de-escalating a perceived conflict is usually the best strategy.
Question 31
The author develops her point of view by describing —
A. an experiment with magpies.
B. her observations of magpies.
C. other friendships across species.
D. how taming magpies affects their behavior.
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The author develops her point of view by describing —
B. her observations of magpies.
In the article, Gisela Kaplan shares her personal experiences and observations regarding the behavior of magpies and their interactions with humans, particularly detailing instances that illustrate the nature of their friendships and connections.
The quotation that best shows how a person should respond to a swooping magpie is:
C. "I allowed the male to study my face and appearance from a safe distance" (Paragraph 14)
This quote illustrates a calm and non-aggressive approach to dealing with a swooping magpie, which is recommended by the author as an effective way to de-escalate potential conflict.
The author develops the central ideas of the article by —
A. explaining the motivations behind magpies' behaviors.
Throughout the article, the author discusses the reasons behind magpies' actions, such as their swooping behavior as a defense mechanism and their ability to form friendships with humans based on individual recognition and trust. This explanation provides insight into their behavior and strengthens the central themes of human-magpie interactions.
The author's most likely purpose in the article is to —
B. provide information about magpies' different interactions with people.
The article discusses various facets of the relationship between magpies and humans, including how they form friendships, recognize individual human faces, and the dynamics involved in their swooping behavior. The overall intent is to inform readers about the complexities of these interactions rather than simply advising avoidance or highlighting rarity.
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