In one of his classic experiment using pea color, Mendel conducted two genetic crosses. In the first cross the parent plants were either yellow (Y) or green (y) for seed color. The first cross produced a filial 1 generation of all yellow peas. In the second cross, Mendel bred plants from the filial 1 generation and this second cross produced different results: one of every four plants had green seeds.

Question

In one of his classic experiment using pea color, Mendel conducted two genetic crosses. In the first cross the parent plants were either yellow (Y) or green (y) for seed color. The first cross produced a filial 1 generation of all yellow peas. In the second cross, Mendel bred plants from the filial 1 generation and this second cross produced different results: one of every four plants had green seeds.
From these genetic crosses, Mendel developed what hypotheses?
Responses
A	An organism inherits two genes for any trait, one from each parent.An organism inherits two genes for any trait, one from each parent.
B	For any trait, one inheritable factor may be dominant and mask the other factor..For any trait, one inheritable factor may be dominant and mask the other factor..
C	In any genetic cross, a sperm or egg carries only one inheritable factor for each trait in the offspring.In any genetic cross, a sperm or egg carries only one inheritable factor for each trait in the offspring.
D	If inheritable factors come from parents, then there is only a chance that offspring will inherit those factors.If inheritable factors come from parents, then there is only a chance that offspring will inherit those factors.
Question 2
Imagine you are looking out at a field of sunflowers. 774 plants are tall (T) and 226 plants are short (t). Based on Mendel's original work, what can you say about the genotypes of the parents of this field of flowers?
Responses
A	Parent 1 = Tt; Parent 2 = TtParent 1 = Tt; Parent 2 = Tt
B	Parent 1 = TT; Parent 2 = ttParent 1 = TT; Parent 2 = tt
C	Parent 1 = TT; Parent 2 = TtParent 1 = TT; Parent 2 = Tt
D	You cannot determine anything about the parents without seeing them.You cannot determine anything about the parents without seeing them.

GPT-4o mini · Answer

For Question 1, the correct response is:

A: An organism inherits two genes for any trait, one from each parent.

This statement reflects Mendel's first law, also known as the Law of Segregation. It emphasizes that each offspring gets one allele from each parent.

For Question 2, the correct response is:

A: Parent 1 = Tt; Parent 2 = Tt

Given the ratios (774 tall plants to 226 short plants), the phenotypic ratio appears to be roughly 3:1. This suggests that both parents were heterozygous (Tt), which can produce this ratio in the offspring when crossed (Tt x Tt results in 1 TT : 2 Tt : 1 tt). The short plants (tt) indicate that both parents contributed a recessive allele.