In one of his classic experiment using pea color, Mendel conducted two genetic crosses. In the first cross the parent plants were either yellow (Y) or green (y) for seed color. The first cross produced a filial 1 generation of all yellow peas. In the second cross, Mendel bred plants from the filial 1 generation and this second cross produced different results: one of every four plants had green seeds.

Question

In one of his classic experiment using pea color, Mendel conducted two genetic crosses. In the first cross the parent plants were either yellow (Y) or green (y) for seed color. The first cross produced a filial 1 generation of all yellow peas. In the second cross, Mendel bred plants from the filial 1 generation and this second cross produced different results: one of every four plants had green seeds.
From these genetic crosses, Mendel developed what hypotheses?
Responses
A	An organism inherits two genes for any trait, one from each parent.An organism inherits two genes for any trait, one from each parent.
B	For any trait, one inheritable factor may be dominant and mask the other factor..For any trait, one inheritable factor may be dominant and mask the other factor..
C	In any genetic cross, a sperm or egg carries only one inheritable factor for each trait in the offspring.In any genetic cross, a sperm or egg carries only one inheritable factor for each trait in the offspring.
D	If inheritable factors come from parents, then there is only a chance that offspring will inherit those factors.If inheritable factors come from parents, then there is only a chance that offspring will inherit those factors.
Question 2
Imagine you are looking out at a field of sunflowers. 774 plants are tall (T) and 226 plants are short (t). Based on Mendel's original work, what can you say about the genotypes of the parents of this field of flowers?
Responses
A	Parent 1 = Tt; Parent 2 = TtParent 1 = Tt; Parent 2 = Tt
B	Parent 1 = TT; Parent 2 = ttParent 1 = TT; Parent 2 = tt
C	Parent 1 = TT; Parent 2 = TtParent 1 = TT; Parent 2 = Tt
D	You cannot determine anything about the parents without seeing them.

GPT-4o mini · Answer

### Question 1 Mendel's experiments with pea plants led him to develop several key hypotheses about inheritance, based on his observations of the results from his genetic crosses. The best responses that reflect his hypotheses are: **: An organism inherits two genes for any trait, one from each parent. **B**: For any trait, one inheritable factor may be dominant and mask the other factor. **C**: In any genetic cross, a sperm or egg carries only one inheritable factor for each trait in the offspring. In particular, the strongest evidence from the given options that Mendel derived directly from his pea color experiments is: **B**: For any trait, one inheritable factor may be dominant and mask the other factor. This is demonstrated by the fact that all F1 generation seeds were yellow (dominant trait) while one out of four in the F2 generation was green (recessive trait). ### Question 2 In your scenario with a total of 1000 sunflowers (774 tall and 226 short), the ratio of tall to short plants (approximately 3:1) suggests a classic Mendelian inheritance pattern. According to Mendel's principles, this ratio indicates that both parents were likely heterozygous. The options for the genotypes of the parents are as follows: - **: Parent 1 = Tt; Parent 2 = Tt - **B**: Parent 1 = TT; Parent 2 = tt - **C**: Parent 1 = TT; Parent 2 = Tt - **D**: You cannot determine anything about the parents without seeing them. The most suitable answer, based on a typical dihybrid cross scenario that results in a 3:1 ratio, is: **: Parent 1 = Tt; Parent 2 = Tt. This is because a cross between two heterozygous tall plants (Tt x Tt) results in approximately a 3:1 ratio of tall to short offspring.