1. Sexual reproduction was an early evolutionary innovation after the appearance of eukaryotic cells. During sexual reproduction, the genetic material of two individuals is combined to produce genetically-diverse offspring that differ from their parents. The fact that most eukaryotes reproduce sexually is evidence of its evolutionary success. In many animals, it is actually the only mode of reproduction. The genetic diversity of sexually-produced offspring is thought to give species a better chance of surviving in an unpredictable or changing environment.
2. Mitosis involves the division of body cells, while meiosis involves the division of sex cells. The division of a cell occurs once in mitosis but twice in meiosis. Two daughter cells are produced after mitosis and cytoplasmic division, while four daughter cells are produced after meiosis.
Identify the process that is necessary for sexual reproduction and explain why it is necessary. Identify how this process increases genetic variation.
2. Summarize the differences between mitosis and meiosis.
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