I need help with this please!

In 2014, the water source in Flint, MI was changed from treated Detroit water to water from the Flint
River. Over the last 100 year the Flint River was used as a waste disposal site for many industries and
the water received raw sewage from the city’s waste treatment plant. Later that year, high levels of
lead were found in water samples collected from homes in Flint. The high lead levels were due to the
corrosion of lead pipes. Along with high levels of lead, other toxins have been found in Flint water, such
as bacteria and elevated levels of cancer-causing chemicals.

a) Even low levels of lead can impair the brain development of young children. The “action level”
for lead in drinking water is 15 ppb (parts per billion). Eight water samples were tested over 100
ppb, with one some homes as high as 13,200 ppb. Please convert 13,200 ppb to grams of lead
per milliliter of water. 15 ppb mean 15.0g of lead per 1 L of water.

b) Over 10% of the children who were drinking this water had elevated levels of lead in their blood,
above 5 •10-6 grams of lead per 100 milliliters of blood. No lead should be found in the blood.
Please compare the blood levels than the water levels the children were drinking by putting
both values in the same units. What does this comparison tell you about how the body
processes lead?

c) An estimated 9,000 children were supplied with lead-contaminated water for 18 months. 76.8%
of these children were African American. Areas that were predominantly white has drinking
water with lower levels of toxins. A governor appointed civil rights commission says that
“historical, structural, and system racism combined with implicit bias” played a role in the water
crisis. You do not need to write anything for this question. Instead think what was written for a
few minutes and then discuss your thoughts with your group

2 answers

a. Where did you come up with the factor of 15 g/L = 15 ppb? That isn't correct. The easy way to do this is 13,200 ppb Pb = 13.200 ug Pb/L = 0.0132 g Pb/L. Two very good conversions to memorize with ppm and ppb is
1 ppm = 1 mg/L
1 ppb = 1 ug/L
So 0.0132 g Pb/L is 0.0000132 g Pb/mL
From those two factor you can go to any unit you want.
I am betting that the funny symbol after the 15.0funny symbol is the problem. It just didn't print correctly At any rate, 15 ppb is 15 ug/L.

b. This question isn't worded very well AND it is a little confusing with the use of wrong language. The best I can understand is you want the Pb levels in a and the Pb levels in blood to be done in the same units. OK.
13,200 ppb Pb in the water samples. 5E-6 g Pb/100 mLin blood = 5 ug Pb/100 mL blood = 50 ug Pb/L in the blood = 50 ppb Pb in blood.
Thank you that's a lot of help! Sorry for the words not being copied right!
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