How trauma negatively impact learner's development in School Age Stage according to Erikson

Answer 1

According to Erikson's theory of psychosocial development, the School Age Stage, which typically occurs between the ages of 6 and 12, is characterized by a focus on developing social skills, mastering new skills and tasks, and forming a sense of competence. Trauma experienced during this stage can have negative impacts on a learner's development in several ways:

1. Trust and Autonomy: Trauma can undermine a learner's sense of trust and autonomy. If a child experiences trauma, such as abuse or neglect, they may struggle to trust others and feel a sense of control over their own lives. This can make it difficult for them to form positive relationships with teachers, peers, and other school staff, as well as hinder their ability to engage in independent decision-making.

2. Competence and Industry: Trauma can impact a learner's sense of competence and industry. If a child has experienced trauma, they may develop a negative self-image and a lack of confidence in their abilities. This can lead to lower academic achievement, reduced motivation to learn, and a decreased willingness to take on new challenges. They may also struggle to engage in school activities and feel a sense of inferiority compared to their peers.

3. Social Skills and Peer Relationships: Trauma can hinder the development of social skills and peer relationships. Children who have experienced trauma may exhibit difficulties in forming and maintaining friendships, as well as struggle with emotional regulation and impulse control. They may have difficulty understanding and interpreting social cues, leading to misunderstandings and conflicts with peers. This can result in social isolation and a sense of alienation from their peer group.

4. Emotional Well-being: Trauma can have a significant impact on a learner's emotional well-being. Children who have experienced trauma may exhibit symptoms of anxiety, depression, and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). These symptoms can interfere with their ability to focus, concentrate, and engage in learning activities. Trauma may also manifest in disruptive behavior, which can disrupt both their own learning and the learning of others.

5. Identity Formation: Trauma can disrupt the process of identity formation in the School Age Stage. Children who have experienced trauma may struggle with self-identity, self-esteem, and self-worth. They may have difficulty understanding their place in the world and their own values, which can hinder their engagement with school, personal growth, and exploration of their interests and talents.

Overall, trauma experienced in the School Age Stage according to Erikson's theory can have profound negative effects on a learner's development, leading to difficulties in trust and autonomy, competence and industry, social skills and peer relationships, emotional well-being, and identity formation. It is crucial for educators and professionals to be aware of these potential impacts and provide appropriate support and interventions to promote the healing and development of traumatized learners.