How is deviance functional for society? How do mainstream values produce deviance?

Answer 1

Deviance can be functional for society in several ways:

1. Social cohesion: Deviance helps to reinforce social norms and values by providing a clear contrast between acceptable and unacceptable behavior. When individuals engage in deviant acts, it serves as a reminder to others about the importance of conforming to societal norms. This helps maintain social cohesion and collective identity within a community.

2. Social change: Deviance can also prompt social change by challenging existing norms and values. When individuals deviate from societal expectations, it can draw attention to flaws or limitations in the current social order. This can lead to discussions, debates, and ultimately the re-evaluation and adjustment of societal norms to better reflect the needs and aspirations of the population.

3. Innovation and progress: Deviant behaviors can often lead to innovation and progress in society. Unconventional thinkers and rule-breakers may introduce novel ideas, technologies, or approaches that challenge the status quo and drive societal advancements. Without deviance, social stagnation and the stifling of creativity may occur.

Mainstream values can produce deviance through several mechanisms:

1. Labeling: Mainstream values define what is considered normal and acceptable within a society. When individuals or actions deviate from these standards, they are often labeled as deviant. This labeling process can create a self-fulfilling prophecy, where individuals who are labeled as deviant may internalize the label and continue engaging in deviant behavior.

2. Differential opportunities: The opportunities available to individuals within society are not evenly distributed. Mainstream values often reinforce social inequalities by privileging certain groups or individuals while marginalizing others. This unequal distribution of resources and opportunities can lead some individuals to engage in deviant behavior as a means of achieving their goals or obtaining what is denied to them by mainstream society.

3. Socialization and conformity pressures: Mainstream values are transmitted through the process of socialization, which teaches individuals to conform to societal norms and expectations. However, not all individuals are equally socialized or influenced by these norms. Some may resist conformity for various reasons, such as personal beliefs, contrasting subcultural values, or socio-economic marginalization, leading to deviant behavior.

It is important to note that the relationship between mainstream values and deviance is complex and can vary across different contexts and societies. While mainstream values may contribute to the production of deviance, they also serve a vital role in maintaining social order and cohesion.