Question

How did the Europeans transform life in Argentina and Chile?

Answer 1

P.S. Here is a bit more about dialects, etc. in South America.

Answer 2

In the case or Argentina, the indigenous natives have been more than 99% displaced by persons of European descent. This is not the case in other countries of South America. I recommend the following reading:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demographics_of_Argentina