Genetic recombination occurs during prophase I, and independent assortment of homologous chromosomes occurs during metaphase I. However, among the options you provided, the best fit is:
C. prophase I / anaphase I
Although independent assortment is primarily discussed in the context of metaphase I, it is related to the behavior of chromosomes during anaphase I. Thus, while it's not the most precise pairing, option C is the closest.