Crossing over, occurring during meiosis, helps increase genetic variation by exchanging genetic material between homologous chromosomes. Independent assortment, which happens during meiosis, leads to different combinations of chromosomes in gametes by randomly aligning and separating homologous chromosomes. Random fertilization further enhances genetic diversity by randomly fusing gametes during fertilization, creating numerous possible combinations of genetic material.
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During meiosis, crossing over and independent assortment increase genetic diversity by swapping genetic material between chromosomes and creating unique combinations through random alignment and separation. Random fertilization during fertilization also contributes to genetic variation by combining gametes randomly.
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