Based on the information given, Trenton's diagnosis is most likely sickle cell disease.
Sickle cell disease is caused by a mutation in the hemoglobin gene, and while it is primarily genetic, certain environmental factors can influence the severity and management of the disease.
Color blindness is hereditary and typically does not involve environmental factors in the same way. Diabetes and Huntington’s disease also have distinct genetic factors, but they do not fit as closely with the mention of mutations caused by genes and environmental influences in this context compared to sickle cell disease.