To find the missing number \( x \) in the equation:
\[ x \times 0.1 = 0.53 \]
We can isolate \( x \) by dividing both sides of the equation by \( 0.1 \):
\[ x = \frac{0.53}{0.1} \]
Calculating the right side:
\[ x = 0.53 \div 0.1 = 0.53 \times 10 = 5.3 \]
Thus, the missing number is:
\[ \boxed{5.3} \]