Elements

Question

Electronegativity

aluminum (Al) 1.61
calcium (Ca) 1
carbon (C) 2.55
chlorine (Cl) 3.16
fluorine (F) 4
hydrogen (H) 2.2
iron (Fe) 1.83
nitrogen (N) 3.04
oxygen (O) 3.44
phosphorus (P) 2.19
potassium (K) 0.82
silicon (Si) 1.9
sulfur (S) 2.58
Use the chart to determine which pairs of atoms are arranged in the correct order according to increasing bond polarity?

A.
H – Cl < H – F < H – O < H – S
B.
H – S < H – Cl < H – O < H – F
C.
H – O < H – S < H – Cl < H – F
D.
H – F < H – O < H – Cl < H – S

Answer 1

To determine the correct order of pairs of atoms according to increasing bond polarity, we need to consider the electronegativities of the elements involved in each bond. The larger the difference in electronegativity between two atoms, the more polar the bond.

Here are the relevant electronegativities from the chart:

• Hydrogen (H): 2.2
• Chlorine (Cl): 3.16
• Fluorine (F): 4
• Oxygen (O): 3.44
• Sulfur (S): 2.58

Now, let's calculate the electronegativity differences for each of the bonds in the options:

1. H – Cl: |2.2 - 3.16| = 0.96
2. H – F: |2.2 - 4| = 1.8
3. H – O: |2.2 - 3.44| = 1.24
4. H – S: |2.2 - 2.58| = 0.38

Now we can summarize the differences:

• H – S: 0.38 (least polar)
• H – Cl: 0.96
• H – O: 1.24
• H – F: 1.8 (most polar)

Now let's arrange these pairs in order of increasing bond polarity:

• H – S < H – Cl < H – O < H – F

This matches option B: H – S < H – Cl < H – O < H – F.

Hence, the correct answer is B.