The electric resistance of a conductor is influenced by several factors, including:
1. Length of the conductor: The longer the conductor, the greater the resistance. This is because as the length increases, the number of collisions between electrons and atoms in the conductor also increases, resulting in more resistance.
2. Cross-sectional area of the conductor: The larger the cross-sectional area of the conductor, the lower the resistance. A larger cross-sectional area provides more space for the flow of electrons, reducing the number of collisions and hence lowering resistance.
3. Material of the conductor: Different materials have different resistivities, which is a measure of how easily they allow the flow of electrons. Materials with high resistivity have greater resistance, while materials with low resistivity have lower resistance.
4. Temperature: In most conductors, as the temperature increases, the resistance also increases. This is because higher temperatures lead to greater atomic vibrations, which results in more collisions between electrons and atoms, leading to increased resistance.
The relationship between these factors can be mathematically formulated using Ohm's law:
R = ρ * (L/A)
Where:
R is the resistance of the conductor,
ρ (rho) is the resistivity of the material,
L is the length of the conductor, and
A is the cross-sectional area of the conductor.
This formula shows that resistance is directly proportional to the resistivity of the material and the length of the conductor, and inversely proportional to the cross-sectional area of the conductor.
Discus, explain and formularize the factors affecting electric resistance of a conductor
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