Determine how language as an external determinant influences the education systems of South Africa, Kenya and Nigeria

Answer 1

Language plays a significant role in the education systems of South Africa, Kenya and Nigeria as an external determinant. Here is how it influences education in these countries.

1. South Africa: Language has been a major influence on education in South Africa since the apartheid era. During apartheid, the government introduced a system of separate education for black and white students. Black students were taught in their indigenous languages, whereas white students were taught in Afrikaans or English. This resulted in a significant divide in the quality of education received by different racial groups. After the apartheid era, the language policy of South Africa changed to promote multilingualism in schools. This policy aims to provide students with the opportunity to learn in their mother tongue while also acquiring additional languages. However, implementing this policy has been challenging due to a shortage of teachers who can teach in indigenous languages.

2. Kenya: In Kenya, language plays a vital role in education. The official language of education in Kenya is English, which is used as the language of instruction in all schools. This has led to a situation where only those who can speak English fluently are successful in school. The Kenyan government recognizes the importance of local languages in education and has recently introduced a new policy to promote mother-tongue instruction in lower primary grades. This policy aims to improve literacy rates among students in Kenya by allowing them to learn in a language they are familiar with before transitioning to English.

3. Nigeria: Nigeria is home to over 500 languages, making it one of the most linguistically diverse countries in the world. The country's education systems have been impacted by this diversity, with English being the official language of instruction in schools and universities. The use of indigenous languages in education is limited to primary schools in local areas. This has limited access to education for many Nigerians as English is not the first language for many. The Nigerian government has recognized the importance of local languages in education and has introduced policies to promote mother-tongue instruction in early education. However, implementing these policies has been a challenge due to a lack of resources and qualified teachers.

In conclusion, language is an external determinant that significantly influences the education systems of South Africa, Kenya, and Nigeria. The use of indigenous languages in education is limited, and it has limited access to education for many individuals. However, all three countries have recognized the importance of local languages in education and are working towards promoting multilingualism in schools.