The Constitution can be amended through two primary processes outlined in Article V: the first method involves a two-thirds majority vote in both the House of Representatives and the Senate, followed by ratification from three-fourths of state legislatures. The second method allows for a national constitutional convention to be called by two-thirds of state legislatures, where amendments can be proposed; these would then also need ratification from three-fourths of state legislatures or by conventions in three-fourths of the states. This structured approach ensures that any amendments reflect a substantial consensus, whether through congressional action or state involvement.
The Founders intentionally designed the amendment process to be challenging, recognizing the importance of stability and continuity in governance. They aimed to prevent hasty alterations driven by fleeting political passions or majority whims, thus preserving the Constitution's foundational principles. However, they also understood that adaptability was essential for the document to endure and respond to changing societal needs. By allowing for amendments, they ensured that the Constitution could evolve over time while safeguarding against drastic or reckless changes that would undermine its integrity.