Compare the poems by Szymborska and Milosz read over the course of this unit. All are important twentieth century writers addressing a similar theme: death. Which poet addresses it in terms of the times he lived in (and its threat of fascism), and which addresses it in a more personal way? Characterize each poet’s treatment of this theme, citing evidence from the poems.

Answer 1

Szymborska and Milosz, two prominent 20th-century poets, both delve into the theme of death in their poetry. However, their approaches differ in terms of addressing contemporary concerns and personal experiences. Szymborska examines death in relation to the times she lived in, particularly the threat of fascism, while Milosz confronts the theme in a more personal and introspective manner.

Szymborska's treatment of death is woven into the fabric of history and the collective experience during her lifetime. In her poem "The End and the Beginning," she reflects on the aftermath of World War II and the emergence of a new world order. The speaker in the poem describes the post-war reconstruction efforts, juxtaposing the humdrum activities of everyday life with the reality of death: "After every war someone has to tidy up... / What happened, what has happened, what's going on."

This emphasis on the aftermath of war and the threat of fascism is a prevalent theme in Szymborska's poetry. In "The Beheaded Pianist," she addresses death in the context of political oppression, particularly focusing on the danger posed by dictators: "The half-life of a dictatorial regime is always longer ... / Every time the dictator dies / each of his victims lives!"

On the other hand, Milosz delves into death from a more personal perspective, reflecting on his own mortality and the existential questions it raises. In "Song on the End of the World," Milosz contemplates the transience of human existence and the inevitable arrival of death. The poem is laden with existential ponderings and metaphysical musing, posing questions such as "In what mythology could we fit it... / What good is it to survive / If one must die?"

Milosz's treatment of death often veers towards philosophical introspection and the exploration of the human condition. In "Gift," he reflects on the finality of death and the intrinsic nature of life's fleeting moments. The poem suggests a personal reflection, with lines such as "I woke up in an age when suffering is justified by death," indicating Milosz contemplating his own existence within the context of mortality.

In conclusion, Szymborska and Milosz approach the theme of death in different ways. Szymborska interweaves the theme within the historical landscape of her time, addressing the threat of fascism and political oppression. Milosz, however, delves into a more personal and introspective examination of death, reflecting on the existential questions it raises. Both poets contribute unique perspectives to the exploration of mortality in the 20th century, showcasing the diverse ways in which poets engage with this timeless theme.