Cell structure: prokaryotes and eukaryotes

Answer 1

Prokaryotes and eukaryotes are two major categories of cells, each with distinct structures and characteristics.

Prokaryotes:
1. Prokaryotic cells are simpler and smaller than eukaryotic cells.
2. They lack a true nucleus and membrane-bound organelles.
3. The genetic material in prokaryotes is found as a single, circular DNA molecule in the cytoplasm, often referred to as the nucleoid region.
4. They have a cell wall that provides structural support and protection.
5. The cytoplasm of prokaryotic cells contains ribosomes, which are responsible for protein synthesis.
6. Prokaryotes may have other structures such as flagella for locomotion or pili for attachment.
7. Examples of prokaryotes include bacteria and archaea.

Eukaryotes:
1. Eukaryotic cells are more complex and larger than prokaryotic cells.
2. They have a true nucleus, which contains the genetic material organized into multiple linear chromosomes.
3. Eukaryotic cells have various membrane-bound organelles such as mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, and lysosomes, each serving specific functions.
4. The presence of a cytoskeleton provides structural support and regulates cell shape.
5. Eukaryotes have a flexible cell membrane that allows for endocytosis and exocytosis.
6. The cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells contains ribosomes, which are responsible for protein synthesis.
7. Eukaryotes can be further classified into animal cells and plant cells, each having additional structures specific to their functions.
8. Examples of eukaryotes include plants, animals, fungi, and protists.

Overall, the main differences between prokaryotes and eukaryotes lie in the complexity of their structures, presence of a nucleus, and the presence of membrane-bound organelles in eukaryotes.