Assume that a procedure yields a binomial distribution with a trial repeated n=20

times. Use either the binomial probability formula (or technology) to find the probability of k=14
successes given the probability q=0.25 of success on a single trial.

(Report answer accurate to 4 decimal places.)

Answer the formula
P(X=k)=

the answer is not 0.0000

1 answer

To calculate the probability of getting exactly \( k = 14 \) successes in \( n = 20 \) trials, where the probability of success on a single trial is \( p = 0.25 \) (and therefore the probability of failure \( q = 1 - p = 0.75 \)), we can use the binomial probability formula:

\[ P(X = k) = \binom{n}{k} p^k q^{n-k} \]

Here, \( \binom{n}{k} \) is the binomial coefficient calculated as:

\[ \binom{n}{k} = \frac{n!}{k!(n-k)!} \]

In our case:

  • \( n = 20 \)
  • \( k = 14 \)
  • \( p = 0.25 \)
  • \( q = 0.75 \)

Let's calculate it step-by-step.

  1. Calculate the binomial coefficient:

\[ \binom{20}{14} = \frac{20!}{14!6!} \] Calculating \( 20! \), \( 14! \), and \( 6! \):

  • \( 20! = 20 \times 19 \times 18 \times 17 \times 16 \times 15 \times 14! \)
  • \( 14! = 14! \) (cancels out)
  • \( 6! = 720 \)

So,

\[ \binom{20}{14} = \frac{20 \times 19 \times 18 \times 17 \times 16 \times 15}{6!} = \frac{20 \times 19 \times 18 \times 17 \times 16 \times 15}{720} \]

Calculating this product:

\[ 20 \times 19 = 380 \] \[ 380 \times 18 = 6840 \] \[ 6840 \times 17 = 116280 \] \[ 116280 \times 16 = 1860480 \] \[ 1860480 \times 15 = 27907200 \] Thus,

\[ \binom{20}{14} = \frac{27907200}{720} = 38760 \]

  1. Calculate the probabilities: \[ p^k = (0.25)^{14} \] \[ q^{n-k} = (0.75)^{6} \]

Calculating each:

\[ (0.25)^{14} = 0.25^{14} = 0.00000005960464453125 \text{ (approximately)} \] \[ (0.75)^{6} = 0.75 \times 0.75 \times 0.75 \times 0.75 \times 0.75 \times 0.75 = 0.177978515625 \]

  1. Putting it all together: \[ P(X = 14) = 38760 \times (0.25)^{14} \times (0.75)^{6} \] Substituting the values:

\[ P(X = 14) \approx 38760 \times 0.00000005960464453125 \times 0.177978515625 \] Calculating this out:

\[ \approx 38760 \times 0.00000005960464453125 \times 0.177978515625 = 0.000408 \]

So, the probability of getting exactly 14 successes is

\[ P(X = 14) \approx 0.0004 \text{ (to four decimal places)} \]

Therefore, the answer is:

\[ P(X = k) \approx 0.0004 \]