Apparatus of grade 11 practical worksheet term 3 verify Boyle's law

Answer 1

Grade 11 Practical Worksheet: Verifying Boyle's Law

Title: Verification of Boyle's Law

Objective: To verify Boyle's Law, which states that the pressure of a given mass of gas is inversely proportional to its volume when temperature is held constant.

Apparatus:

1. Boyle's Law apparatus (typically includes a sealed gas syringe or a J-tube)
2. Pressure gauge (manometer)
3. Stopwatch (if needed for timed measurements)
4. Weights (for applying known forces if using a piston system)
5. Thermometer (to monitor temperature)
6. Ruler or measuring tape (for measuring volumes)
7. Data recording sheet (to note observations)

Safety Precautions:

1. Ensure all apparatus is properly set up and secure before beginning the experiment.
2. Handle weights carefully to prevent injury.
3. Do not exceed the maximum pressure limit of the apparatus to avoid breakage.

Theory: Boyle's Law is mathematically expressed as P1V1 = P2V2, where P represents pressure and V represents volume. The product of pressure and volume is constant for a given mass of gas at a constant temperature.

Procedure:

1. Setup:

   • Assemble the apparatus as per the manufacturer’s instructions. Make sure the gas syringe or J-tube is connected securely to the pressure gauge.
   • Check that the apparatus is airtight to prevent gas leakage.

2. Initial Measurement:

   • Begin with an initial gas volume (V1). Record the corresponding pressure (P1) from the pressure gauge.
   • Ensure the temperature remains constant throughout the experiment.

3. Changing Volume:

   • Gradually compress the gas by pulling the syringe plunger out or using weights on a piston to change the volume.
   • Record the new volume (V2) and the new pressure (P2) once the system stabilizes.

4. Repeating Steps:

   • Repeat the process to obtain multiple sets of volume and pressure readings.
   • It is useful to take at least five different volume readings to ensure reliable results.

5. Data Collection:

   • Record all measurements in a data table.

Data Table Example:

| Trial | Volume (V) (cm³) | Pressure (P) (kPa) | P × V (kPa·cm³) | |-------|------------------|---------------------|------------------| | 1 | V1 | P1 | P1 × V1 | | 2 | V2 | P2 | P2 × V2 | | 3 | V3 | P3 | P3 × V3 | | 4 | V4 | P4 | P4 × V4 | | 5 | V5 | P5 | P5 × V5 |

Analysis:

1. Calculating Products:

   • Calculate the product of pressure and volume for each trial and fill in the last column of your data table.

2. Graphical Representation:

   • Plot a graph of Pressure (P) against Volume (V) or Volume against Pressure on a graph with axes labeled appropriately.
   • You can also plot P against 1/V (which should yield a straight line if the law is verified).

3. Conclusion:

   • Analyze your results. According to Boyle's Law, the product (P × V) should remain constant throughout your trials.
   • Discuss any discrepancies or errors and how they might affect your results.

Conclusion: Discuss whether your results support Boyle's Law. If you observe that P × V is approximately constant, you can conclude that Boyle's Law is verified for the conditions of your experiment.

Reflection: What did you learn from this experiment? What challenges did you face, and how did you overcome them? How might this experiment apply to real-world scenarios involving gases?

Notes:

• Make sure to follow up with any calculations or discussions as required by your instructor.
• Cleanup the workspace and properly store all equipment after the experiment.