To increase the efficiency of a pulley system operating at only 50%, the best option would be:
By reducing the friction on the pulleys.
Reducing friction directly improves the efficiency of the system because less energy is lost as heat due to frictional forces. While adding more pulleys can distribute the weight and potentially reduce the effort needed to lift a load, it does not necessarily increase efficiency if friction remains high. Decreasing the amount of weight or having a second person pulling may help in terms of workload but will not increase the actual efficiency of the pulley system itself.
In summary, reducing friction will have the most significant positive impact on the efficiency of the pulley system.
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