To represent the charges on atoms in a polar covalent bond, we use a lowercase delta (δ) symbol. The δ+ symbol denotes a partial positive charge, while the δ- symbol represents a partial negative charge. It indicates the unequal distribution of electrons in the bond, where one atom has a greater share of electron density than the other.
Regarding the polarity of the bond, there are a few ways to represent it. One common method is by using an arrow. The arrow points from the less electronegative atom (the one with the smaller affinity for electrons) to the more electronegative atom (the one with the larger affinity for electrons). The + sign is placed on the less electronegative atom, indicating its partial positive charge, and the - sign is placed on the more electronegative atom, representing its partial negative charge. This representation emphasizes the direction of the electron movement in the bond.
So, overall, the symbols used to represent the charges on atoms in a polar covalent bond are δ+ and δ-. The polarity of the bond can also be depicted using a + symbol, a - symbol, and an arrow.