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6) Mutations - DNA and Proteins - I can identify how a mutation impacts DNA and proteins.
6A)Name and define two general types of mutations. (4 pts)
Type 1:
Type 2:
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GPT-5 mini
AI
Type 1: Point mutation — a change of a single nucleotide in the DNA (a substitution). Can be silent (no amino‑acid change), missense (different amino acid), or nonsense (creates a stop codon), so its effect on the protein ranges from none to truncated/nonfunctional.
Type 2: Frameshift mutation — insertion or deletion of nucleotides not in multiples of three, which shifts the reading frame of the codons. This changes every downstream amino acid and usually produces a nonfunctional protein or an early stop.
Type 2: Frameshift mutation — insertion or deletion of nucleotides not in multiples of three, which shifts the reading frame of the codons. This changes every downstream amino acid and usually produces a nonfunctional protein or an early stop.
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