Question
Essay Questions:
Directions: Below are essay questions you may encounter on your test. Please prepare your answers now and use this sheet to help you write your answers on the test. Your answer must come from information provided in the lessons. DO NOT POST THESE QUESTIONS ON ANY ANSWER SITE. That is a direct violation of the Honor Code.
1. In 3-5 sentences, summarize how the change of state from ice to water is affected by the relationship between kinetic energy and the forces of attraction.
2. Liquids take the shape of the bottom of their container, while gasses take the shape of their entire container. The shape solids take, however, is independent of their container. In 3 sentences, explain these patterns.
3. Liquid water can be separated into hydrogen gas and oxygen gas through electrolysis. 1 mole of hydrogen gas and 0.5 moles of oxygen gas is produced from 1 mole of liquid water collected in separate 10 L containers at 1 atm. Will the temperatures of the gasses be equal? In one to two sentences, use the ideal gas law to explain your answer.
ELECTRONEGATIVITY
LOW (GREEN) MEDIUM (YELLOW) HIGH (RED)
4. Hydrogen selenide (H2Se) reacts with water according to the following equation.
H2Se + H2O → SeH– + H3O+
In three sentences, identify the acid, base, conjugate acid, and conjugate base in this reaction. Use patterns in the periodic table to explain why the substances you identified acted as the acid and the base in this reaction
5. Describe how you could adjust the settings of the simulation to increase the number of red (H3O+) and blue (A-) particles in the solution of equilibrium. In three to four sentences, justify your answer and explain how and why this would change the pH of the solution.
https://phet.colorado.edu/sims/html/acid-base-solutions/latest/acid-base-solutions_en.html
Directions: Below are essay questions you may encounter on your test. Please prepare your answers now and use this sheet to help you write your answers on the test. Your answer must come from information provided in the lessons. DO NOT POST THESE QUESTIONS ON ANY ANSWER SITE. That is a direct violation of the Honor Code.
1. In 3-5 sentences, summarize how the change of state from ice to water is affected by the relationship between kinetic energy and the forces of attraction.
2. Liquids take the shape of the bottom of their container, while gasses take the shape of their entire container. The shape solids take, however, is independent of their container. In 3 sentences, explain these patterns.
3. Liquid water can be separated into hydrogen gas and oxygen gas through electrolysis. 1 mole of hydrogen gas and 0.5 moles of oxygen gas is produced from 1 mole of liquid water collected in separate 10 L containers at 1 atm. Will the temperatures of the gasses be equal? In one to two sentences, use the ideal gas law to explain your answer.
ELECTRONEGATIVITY
LOW (GREEN) MEDIUM (YELLOW) HIGH (RED)
4. Hydrogen selenide (H2Se) reacts with water according to the following equation.
H2Se + H2O → SeH– + H3O+
In three sentences, identify the acid, base, conjugate acid, and conjugate base in this reaction. Use patterns in the periodic table to explain why the substances you identified acted as the acid and the base in this reaction
5. Describe how you could adjust the settings of the simulation to increase the number of red (H3O+) and blue (A-) particles in the solution of equilibrium. In three to four sentences, justify your answer and explain how and why this would change the pH of the solution.
https://phet.colorado.edu/sims/html/acid-base-solutions/latest/acid-base-solutions_en.html
Answers
Answered by
GPT-4o mini
Here are concise answers to each of the essay questions you provided:
1. The change of state from ice to water involves an increase in kinetic energy that overcomes the forces of attraction between molecules. As ice warms up, the kinetic energy of its molecules increases, causing them to vibrate more vigorously until they break free from their fixed positions in the crystal lattice. This transition results in the formation of liquid water, where the molecules can move more freely but still experience some intermolecular attractions.
2. Liquids take the shape of the bottom of their container because their molecules are close together but can move freely past one another, allowing them to adjust to the container's shape. Gases, on the other hand, have molecules that are far apart and move rapidly, filling the entire volume of their container regardless of its shape. Solids maintain a definite shape due to tightly packed molecules that are held in fixed positions by strong intermolecular forces, which do not change with the shape of the container.
3. The temperatures of the gases produced from the electrolysis of water, hydrogen gas, and oxygen gas will not be equal, as indicated by the ideal gas law (PV=nRT). Since both gases occupy separate containers, the different number of moles and the nature of the gases can affect their respective temperatures under the same atmospheric conditions (1 atm), leading to potential differences in temperature.
4. In the reaction of hydrogen selenide (H2Se) with water, H2Se acts as the acid because it donates a proton (H+) to water, resulting in hydronium ions (H3O+) and the conjugate base, selenide (SeH–). Water, acting as a base, accepts a proton, which highlights its property of being able to function as an acid or a base, depending on the reaction context. The positioning of hydrogen and selenium on the periodic table indicates that hydrogen has a relatively low electronegativity compared to selenium, thus allowing H2Se to release a proton more readily.
5. To increase the number of red (H3O+) and blue (A-) particles in the equilibrium solution simulation, you could add a strong acid to the solution, which would increase the concentration of hydronium ions. This increase in H3O+ would shift the equilibrium position to the right, favoring the formation of additional A- particles. As the concentration of H3O+ rises, the pH of the solution will decrease, indicating a more acidic environment due to the higher availability of protons.
1. The change of state from ice to water involves an increase in kinetic energy that overcomes the forces of attraction between molecules. As ice warms up, the kinetic energy of its molecules increases, causing them to vibrate more vigorously until they break free from their fixed positions in the crystal lattice. This transition results in the formation of liquid water, where the molecules can move more freely but still experience some intermolecular attractions.
2. Liquids take the shape of the bottom of their container because their molecules are close together but can move freely past one another, allowing them to adjust to the container's shape. Gases, on the other hand, have molecules that are far apart and move rapidly, filling the entire volume of their container regardless of its shape. Solids maintain a definite shape due to tightly packed molecules that are held in fixed positions by strong intermolecular forces, which do not change with the shape of the container.
3. The temperatures of the gases produced from the electrolysis of water, hydrogen gas, and oxygen gas will not be equal, as indicated by the ideal gas law (PV=nRT). Since both gases occupy separate containers, the different number of moles and the nature of the gases can affect their respective temperatures under the same atmospheric conditions (1 atm), leading to potential differences in temperature.
4. In the reaction of hydrogen selenide (H2Se) with water, H2Se acts as the acid because it donates a proton (H+) to water, resulting in hydronium ions (H3O+) and the conjugate base, selenide (SeH–). Water, acting as a base, accepts a proton, which highlights its property of being able to function as an acid or a base, depending on the reaction context. The positioning of hydrogen and selenium on the periodic table indicates that hydrogen has a relatively low electronegativity compared to selenium, thus allowing H2Se to release a proton more readily.
5. To increase the number of red (H3O+) and blue (A-) particles in the equilibrium solution simulation, you could add a strong acid to the solution, which would increase the concentration of hydronium ions. This increase in H3O+ would shift the equilibrium position to the right, favoring the formation of additional A- particles. As the concentration of H3O+ rises, the pH of the solution will decrease, indicating a more acidic environment due to the higher availability of protons.
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