Sure! Here are short definitions for each term:
Inventions of Second Industrial Revolution: A wave of technological advancements in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, including electricity and mass production techniques.
Nikola Tesla: An inventor and electrical engineer known for developing AC (alternating current) electricity and numerous electrical innovations.
Muckrakers: Journalists who exposed corruption, social injustices, and abuses of power during the early 20th century.
Monopoly: A market structure where a single company or entity controls the entire supply of a product or service, limiting competition.
Robber Barons & Captains of Industry: Terms describing wealthy industrialists; "robber barons" implies exploitative practices, while "captains of industry" suggests effective management and contribution to the economy.
Upton Sinclair: An American author whose novel "The Jungle" exposed unsanitary conditions in the meatpacking industry, prompting reforms.
Labor Unions: Organizations formed by workers to protect their rights, improve working conditions, and negotiate better wages.
Yellow Journalism: Sensationalized news reporting aimed at attracting readers, often emphasizing exaggeration and scandal over facts.
William Randolph Hearst and Joseph Pulitzer: Newspaper magnates known for competing in the yellow journalism era, influencing public opinion and sensational reporting.
Cuban Revolution: A conflict (1895-1898) where Cubans fought for independence from Spanish rule, leading to U.S. involvement.
De Lome Letter: A private letter from a Spanish diplomat critical of President McKinley, which was leaked and fueled American outrage against Spain.
U.S.S. Maine: An American battleship that exploded in Havana Harbor in 1898, leading to increased tensions between the U.S. and Spain.
April 21, 1898: The date when the U.S. officially declared war on Spain, marking the start of the Spanish-American War.
Roosevelt and the Rough Riders: Theodore Roosevelt led this volunteer cavalry regiment during the Spanish-American War, gaining fame for their charge up San Juan Hill.
Battle of San Juan Hill: A significant battle during the Spanish-American War where American forces, including the Rough Riders, captured a strategic position in Cuba.
Buffalo Soldiers: African American soldiers who served in the U.S. Army during the late 19th century, often fighting in the Indian Wars and the Spanish-American War.
Territory Gained After Spanish-American War: The U.S. acquired Puerto Rico, Guam, and the Philippines as a result of the war.
Platt Amendment: A 1901 amendment that outlined the conditions under which the U.S. would withdraw troops from Cuba, limiting Cuban sovereignty.
Imperialism: A policy where a country extends its power and influence over other nations through colonization, military force, or economic dominance.
Three Reasons for Imperialism: Economic interests, political competition, and the desire for cultural superiority motivated nations to expand their empires.
Alfred Mahan: A U.S. Navy officer whose book "The Influence of Sea Power upon History" emphasized the importance of naval power in global politics.
Queen Liliuokalani: The last reigning monarch of Hawaii, overthrown in 1893 by American and European interests.
M.A.I.N. Causes of World War 1: Militarism, Alliances, Imperialism, and Nationalism were key factors leading to the outbreak of the war.
Franz Ferdinand: The Archduke of Austria whose assassination in 1914 triggered the onset of World War I.
July 28, 1914: The date when Austria-Hungary declared war on Serbia, marking the beginning of World War I.
Unrestricted Submarine Warfare: A strategy employed by Germany during WWI, allowing submarines to sink enemy ships without warning, contributing to U.S. entry into the war.
Lusitania: A British ocean liner sunk by a German U-boat in 1915, killing many Americans and stirring public outrage.
Zimmerman Telegram: A secret communication from Germany proposing a military alliance with Mexico against the U.S. during WWI, which was intercepted and made public.
Trench Warfare: A combat method used in WWI where armies fought from deep ditches, leading to stalemates and long battles.
New Forms of Warfare in World War 1: Innovations included tanks, airplanes, machine guns, and chemical weapons, changing the nature of combat.
Vladimir Lenin: The leader of the Bolshevik Revolution in Russia, advocating for a communist government after overthrowing the provisional government.
Treaty of Brest-Litovsk: A treaty signed in 1918 between Russia and the Central Powers, ending Russia's participation in WWI.
German Spring Offensive in 1918: A series of attacks by German forces aimed at securing victory on the Western Front before American troops arrived in large numbers.
Second Battle of the Marne: A significant battle in 1918 where Allied forces halted the German advance, marking a turning point in WWI.
Meuse-Argonne Offensive: One of the largest U.S. offensives during WWI, contributing to the end of the war in late 1918.
Armistice: An agreement to stop fighting; the armistice ending WWI was signed on November 11, 1918.
Treaty of Versailles: The 1919 treaty that officially ended WWI, imposing heavy reparations and territorial losses on Germany.