Question

. Define the following terms or concepts (each term/concept is 2 marks) (10)
1.1 Evaluation


1.2 Checklist


1.3 Moderation


1.4 Validity


1.5 Standard deviation

Answers

GPT-4o mini
Here are the definitions for each of the requested terms/concepts:

### 1.1 Evaluation (2 marks)
Evaluation refers to the systematic process of assessing the design, implementation, outcome, or impact of a program, project, or product to determine its effectiveness, efficiency, and relevance. It involves collecting and analyzing data to make informed judgments that can guide decision-making and improve future performance.

### 1.2 Checklist (2 marks)
A checklist is a structured tool, often in the form of a list, used to ensure that all required tasks, items, or criteria are completed or considered. It helps to organize and standardize processes, promote thoroughness, and minimize errors by providing a clear framework for review or action.

### 1.3 Moderation (2 marks)
Moderation is the process of ensuring consistency and fairness in assessment or evaluation practices by bringing together multiple assessors to review and discuss judgments on a set of work. This collaborative approach helps to align standards and criteria, reduce bias, and ensure that assessments are reliable and accurate across different evaluators.

### 1.4 Validity (2 marks)
Validity refers to the extent to which a measurement tool or assessment accurately measures what it is intended to measure. It encompasses various types, including content validity (relevance to the subject matter), construct validity (theoretical soundness), and criterion-related validity (correlation with external measures), ensuring the results are meaningful and applicable.

### 1.5 Standard Deviation (2 marks)
Standard deviation is a statistical measure that quantifies the amount of variation or dispersion of a set of data values around its mean (average). A low standard deviation indicates that the values tend to be close to the mean, while a high standard deviation reflects that the values are spread out over a wider range. It is commonly used to assess the reliability and variability of data.

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