6. A solution for nitrate-nitrogen concentration was analyzed using a spectrophotometer. A

standard solution containing 1.0 ppm of nitrate-nitrogen gave an absorbance of 0.20 at 507
nm. A sample of unknown concentration, treated in the same manner, gave an absorbance
of 0.15 at the same wavelength. Determine the concentration of the unknown.

1 answer

To determine the concentration of the unknown nitrate-nitrogen solution, you can use Beer-Lambert's Law, which states:

\[ A = \epsilon \cdot c \cdot l \]

Where:

  • \( A \) = absorbance
  • \( \epsilon \) = molar absorptivity (a constant for the particular substance and wavelength)
  • \( c \) = concentration of the solution (in ppm or mol/L)
  • \( l \) = path length of the cuvette (usually in centimeters)

Assuming the path length \( l \) is constant and the molar absorptivity \( \epsilon \) remains the same for both the standard and the unknown solution, we can use the ratio of absorbances to find the concentration of the unknown solution.

Given:

  • Absorbance of standard solution \( A_s = 0.20 \) (for 1.0 ppm)
  • Absorbance of unknown solution \( A_u = 0.15 \)

Using the relationship between absorbance and concentration:

\[ \frac{A_u}{A_s} = \frac{c_u}{c_s} \]

Where:

  • \( c_u \) = concentration of the unknown
  • \( c_s = 1.0 \) ppm (concentration of the standard)

Substituting the known values into the equation:

\[ \frac{0.15}{0.20} = \frac{c_u}{1.0} \]

Now, solve for \( c_u \):

\[ c_u = 1.0 \times \frac{0.15}{0.20} \]

\[ c_u = 1.0 \times 0.75 = 0.75 , \text{ppm} \]

Thus, the concentration of the unknown nitrate-nitrogen solution is 0.75 ppm.