Conservation farming, also known as conservation agriculture, is an agricultural management practice aimed at improving sustainability and productivity while minimizing environmental impact. The three basic principles of conservation farming are:
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Minimal Soil Disturbance: This principle emphasizes reducing tillage or soil disturbance to preserve soil structure, enhance soil health, and reduce erosion. Machinery and practices that minimize the disruption of soil and maintain its integrity are key components.
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Permanent Soil Cover: This involves maintaining a protective cover of organic matter or crops on the soil surface. Techniques like cover cropping, mulching, or retaining crop residues help protect against erosion, improve soil moisture retention, and enhance biological activity in the soil.
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Crop Rotation and Diversity: Diversifying cropping systems through crop rotation helps break pest and disease cycles, improves soil fertility, and enhances biodiversity. Growing a variety of crops also leads to improved resilience against climate variability and pests.
These principles work together to create a more sustainable agricultural system that aims to improve productivity while protecting the environment and enhancing soil health.