The hypotheses regarding the relationship between socioeconomic and cultural factors and the level of ethnobiological knowledge and language skills. While specific explicit hypotheses are not stated, the research presumes that changes in lifestyle and education, which are influenced by socioeconomic and cultural shifts, might negatively affect the traditional knowledge of Melpa-speaking youths. The overall hypothesis can be interpreted as: "Declines in ethnobiological knowledge and language skills among Melpa-speaking students are associated with changes in lifestyle and educational attainment."

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The study presumes that changes in lifestyle and education, influenced by socioeconomic and cultural shifts, negatively affect ethnobiological knowledge and language skills among Melpa-speaking youths, suggesting that declines in these areas are associated with such changes.