Around 800 B.C.E., hunter-gatherer groups near the Mississippi River began adopting early agricultural practices, shifting from nomadic to settled lifestyles due to the favorable climate of the river valley (O'Brien and Kiffel-Alcheh, 2021; Mississippi State University). Tribes such as the Cherokee, Chickasaw, Choctaw, and Creek thrived by cultivating staple crops like maize, beans, and squash (History editors, 2020).

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Around 800 B.C.E., hunter-gatherer groups near the Mississippi River began transitioning to settled agricultural lifestyles due to the region's favorable climate. Tribes such as the Cherokee, Chickasaw, Choctaw, and Creek thrived by cultivating staple crops like maize, beans, and squash (O'Brien and Kiffel-Alcheh, 2021; History editors, 2020).