Bureaucrats can influence public policy primarily by providing policy recommendations to Congress and executive leadership, as well as by reporting on information to bring attention and support for a particular policy. These actions allow bureaucrats to shape the discourse and decisions around policy matters. Fundraising for candidates or funding advertisements, while important in the broader political landscape, are not direct functions of bureaucratic influence on public policy. Therefore, the two main mechanisms for bureaucratic influence are:
- Providing policy recommendations to Congress and executive leadership.
- Reporting on information to bring attention and support for a particular policy.