The New Jersey Plan was a proposal for the structure of the U.S. government presented by William Paterson at the Constitutional Convention of 1787. It aimed to amend the Articles of Confederation rather than replace them, and it called for a unicameral legislature with equal representation for each state, regardless of population. This plan was favored by smaller states that were concerned that states with larger populations would dominate a bicameral legislature.
A state that would support both the New Jersey Plan and the exclusion of enslaved people from population counts would likely be one that was small in size and population, or one that had a smaller enslaved population relative to its total. This would ensure that they had an equal voice in the legislature without being outnumbered by larger states, and it would also mean that by excluding enslaved people from population counts, their representation would not be diluted.
Among the options provided:
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Maryland and Virginia were both larger states with significant populations, including enslaved populations, so they would be less likely to favor exclusion.
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New York, though relatively more populous, was also a larger state and might not favor those provisions.
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Rhode Island was the smallest of the states listed and had a smaller population, which would likely make it more favorable to the New Jersey Plan. Additionally, Rhode Island had a relatively small number of enslaved people compared to other states, which would align with the preference for excluding enslaved people from population counts.
Based on these considerations, the state that would prefer both the New Jersey Plan and the exclusion of all enslaved people from population counts is most likely Rhode Island.