Question

In 3–5 sentences, explain the difference between independent and dependent events when calculating conditional probability, and provide an example of dependent events.(4 points).

Answer 1

In probability, independent events are those whose outcomes do not affect each other; the occurrence of one event does not change the probability of the other event occurring. In contrast, dependent events are events where the outcome of one affects the outcome of another, meaning the probability of the second event changes based on the first. For example, consider drawing two cards from a deck without replacement: the probability of drawing a heart on the second draw depends on whether a heart was drawn on the first draw (dependent events). If the first card drawn was a heart, there would be one less heart in the deck for the second draw, altering the probability.