Question

In 3–5 sentences, explain the difference between independent and dependent events when calculating conditional probability, and provide an example of dependent events.(4 points).

Answer 1

Independent events are those where the occurrence of one event does not affect the probability of the other event occurring. In contrast, dependent events are those where the outcome or occurrence of one event influences the probability of another event. An example of dependent events is drawing two cards from a deck without replacement: after drawing the first card, the total number of cards and the composition of the deck changes, which affects the probability of drawing the second card. Thus, the probability of drawing an Ace on the second card is dependent on whether an Ace was drawn on the first card or not.