To calculate the force acting on the dog due to gravity, you can use the formula:
\[ F = m \cdot g \]
where:
- \( F \) is the force in newtons (N),
- \( m \) is the mass in kilograms (kg),
- \( g \) is the acceleration due to gravity (approximately \( 10 , \text{m/s}^2 \)).
Given:
- \( m = 12 , \text{kg} \)
- \( g = 10 , \text{m/s}^2 \)
Plugging in the values:
\[ F = 12 , \text{kg} \cdot 10 , \text{m/s}^2 = 120 , \text{N} \]
So, the force acting on the 12 kg dog is 120 N.