Question
Cells can repair small amounts of damage. In which situation would a cell be unlikely to repair damage from radiation?(1 point)
Responses
A person is exposed to low levels of ultraviolet light.
A person is exposed to low levels of ultraviolet light.
A person is exposed to large amounts of gamma rays.
A person is exposed to large amounts of gamma rays.
A person is exposed to low levels of infrared light.
A person is exposed to low levels of infrared light.
A person is exposed to large amounts of green light.
If a certain amount of time in the sun is dangerous for an adult, what could be assumed for a small child?(1 point)
Responses
Because the child's cells are much smaller, a photon of UV light would do more damage to each cell.
Because the child's cells are much smaller, a photon of UV light would do more damage to each cell.
The child is smaller and would thus receive less radiation and experience little damage.
The child is smaller and would thus receive less radiation and experience little damage.
The adult and the child would get the same damage per surface area and would likely have the same risks.
The adult and the child would get the same damage per surface area and would likely have the same risks.
Because the child is smaller, the child would have a much higher risk from the same amount of time in the sun.
An individual must receive quite a lot of sun exposure over time to develop a high risk of cell damage. How does this risk over time apply to X-ray exposure, and how and why does that differ from the risk of sun exposure?(1 point)
Responses
A shorter exposure time to X-rays gives the same risk because X-rays have shorter wavelengths than UV light.
A shorter exposure time to X-rays gives the same risk because X-rays have shorter wavelengths than UV light.
A longer exposure time to X-rays is needed for the same amount of risk because X-rays have a higher frequency than UV light.
A longer exposure time to X-rays is needed for the same amount of risk because X-rays have a higher frequency than UV light.
A similar amount of exposure to X-rays as to sunlight would cause more damage because UV light is a form of nonionizing radiation.
A similar amount of exposure to X-rays as to sunlight would cause more damage because UV light is a form of nonionizing radiation.
The risk over time would be the same for each because both are forms of serious ionizing radiation.
Ultraviolet light can damage a cell. Which exposure would most likely cause half as much damage as 10 minutes of exposure to UVB light (wavelength = 300 nm)?(1 point)
Responses
20 minutes of exposure to UVB light (wavelength = 300 nm)
20 minutes of exposure to UVB light (wavelength = 300 nm)
10 minutes of exposure to UVC light (wavelength = 150 nm)
10 minutes of exposure to UVC light (wavelength = 150 nm)
10 minutes of exposure to yellow light (wavelength = 600 nm)
10 minutes of exposure to yellow light (wavelength = 600 nm)
5 minutes of exposure to UVB light (wavelength = 300 nm)
New vaccine studies are sometimes tested on pigs. If all of the following considerations were true, which would be the most important one for enabling researchers to extrapolate the effects on pigs to humans?(1 point)
Responses
Human skin has about the same amount of hair as that of pigs.
Human skin has about the same amount of hair as that of pigs.
Humans have an immune system very similar to that of pigs.
Humans have an immune system very similar to that of pigs.
Humans and pigs are both mammals.
Humans and pigs are both mammals.
Humans and pigs have very similar fat content by weight.
Humans and pigs have very similar fat content by weight.
Responses
A person is exposed to low levels of ultraviolet light.
A person is exposed to low levels of ultraviolet light.
A person is exposed to large amounts of gamma rays.
A person is exposed to large amounts of gamma rays.
A person is exposed to low levels of infrared light.
A person is exposed to low levels of infrared light.
A person is exposed to large amounts of green light.
If a certain amount of time in the sun is dangerous for an adult, what could be assumed for a small child?(1 point)
Responses
Because the child's cells are much smaller, a photon of UV light would do more damage to each cell.
Because the child's cells are much smaller, a photon of UV light would do more damage to each cell.
The child is smaller and would thus receive less radiation and experience little damage.
The child is smaller and would thus receive less radiation and experience little damage.
The adult and the child would get the same damage per surface area and would likely have the same risks.
The adult and the child would get the same damage per surface area and would likely have the same risks.
Because the child is smaller, the child would have a much higher risk from the same amount of time in the sun.
An individual must receive quite a lot of sun exposure over time to develop a high risk of cell damage. How does this risk over time apply to X-ray exposure, and how and why does that differ from the risk of sun exposure?(1 point)
Responses
A shorter exposure time to X-rays gives the same risk because X-rays have shorter wavelengths than UV light.
A shorter exposure time to X-rays gives the same risk because X-rays have shorter wavelengths than UV light.
A longer exposure time to X-rays is needed for the same amount of risk because X-rays have a higher frequency than UV light.
A longer exposure time to X-rays is needed for the same amount of risk because X-rays have a higher frequency than UV light.
A similar amount of exposure to X-rays as to sunlight would cause more damage because UV light is a form of nonionizing radiation.
A similar amount of exposure to X-rays as to sunlight would cause more damage because UV light is a form of nonionizing radiation.
The risk over time would be the same for each because both are forms of serious ionizing radiation.
Ultraviolet light can damage a cell. Which exposure would most likely cause half as much damage as 10 minutes of exposure to UVB light (wavelength = 300 nm)?(1 point)
Responses
20 minutes of exposure to UVB light (wavelength = 300 nm)
20 minutes of exposure to UVB light (wavelength = 300 nm)
10 minutes of exposure to UVC light (wavelength = 150 nm)
10 minutes of exposure to UVC light (wavelength = 150 nm)
10 minutes of exposure to yellow light (wavelength = 600 nm)
10 minutes of exposure to yellow light (wavelength = 600 nm)
5 minutes of exposure to UVB light (wavelength = 300 nm)
New vaccine studies are sometimes tested on pigs. If all of the following considerations were true, which would be the most important one for enabling researchers to extrapolate the effects on pigs to humans?(1 point)
Responses
Human skin has about the same amount of hair as that of pigs.
Human skin has about the same amount of hair as that of pigs.
Humans have an immune system very similar to that of pigs.
Humans have an immune system very similar to that of pigs.
Humans and pigs are both mammals.
Humans and pigs are both mammals.
Humans and pigs have very similar fat content by weight.
Humans and pigs have very similar fat content by weight.
Answers
Answered by
GPT-4o mini
Here are the most appropriate responses to each question:
1. **In which situation would a cell be unlikely to repair damage from radiation?**
- **A person is exposed to large amounts of gamma rays.**
2. **If a certain amount of time in the sun is dangerous for an adult, what could be assumed for a small child?**
- **Because the child is smaller, the child would have a much higher risk from the same amount of time in the sun.**
3. **How does the risk over time apply to X-ray exposure, and how and why does that differ from the risk of sun exposure?**
- **A shorter exposure time to X-rays gives the same risk because X-rays have shorter wavelengths than UV light.**
4. **Which exposure would most likely cause half as much damage as 10 minutes of exposure to UVB light (wavelength = 300 nm)?**
- **5 minutes of exposure to UVB light (wavelength = 300 nm).**
5. **Which consideration would be the most important for enabling researchers to extrapolate the effects on pigs to humans in vaccine studies?**
- **Humans have an immune system very similar to that of pigs.**
These answers reflect the correct understanding of radiation effects, biological risks, and experimental extrapolation in research.
1. **In which situation would a cell be unlikely to repair damage from radiation?**
- **A person is exposed to large amounts of gamma rays.**
2. **If a certain amount of time in the sun is dangerous for an adult, what could be assumed for a small child?**
- **Because the child is smaller, the child would have a much higher risk from the same amount of time in the sun.**
3. **How does the risk over time apply to X-ray exposure, and how and why does that differ from the risk of sun exposure?**
- **A shorter exposure time to X-rays gives the same risk because X-rays have shorter wavelengths than UV light.**
4. **Which exposure would most likely cause half as much damage as 10 minutes of exposure to UVB light (wavelength = 300 nm)?**
- **5 minutes of exposure to UVB light (wavelength = 300 nm).**
5. **Which consideration would be the most important for enabling researchers to extrapolate the effects on pigs to humans in vaccine studies?**
- **Humans have an immune system very similar to that of pigs.**
These answers reflect the correct understanding of radiation effects, biological risks, and experimental extrapolation in research.