Joseph Stalin's leadership in the Soviet Union is often characterized by the following two key traits:
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Authoritarianism and Totalitarian Control: Stalin's regime was marked by a centralized, authoritarian government that exercised extensive control over all aspects of life in the Soviet Union. He utilized state terror, including purges, show trials, and widespread surveillance, to eliminate political dissent and consolidate his power. The Great Purge (1936-1938) is a notable example, as it led to the execution and imprisonment of millions, including many of his political rivals and ordinary citizens.
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Economic Transformation through Industrialization and Collectivization: Stalin implemented ambitious economic policies aimed at rapidly industrializing the Soviet Union and transforming its agricultural sector. His Five-Year Plans focused on heavy industry, leading to significant increases in production but often at the cost of severe human suffering and labor exploitation. Collectivization of agriculture aimed to consolidate individual landholdings into collective farms, which resulted in widespread famine, particularly the Holodomor in Ukraine.
These characteristics shaped the Soviet Union's trajectory in the 20th century and left a lasting impact on its society and governance.