Here are the answers to your questions based on historical context:
Question 1
Primary reason for the development of the Zionist Movement in the late nineteenth century:
Response: the Russian pogroms
Rationale: The rise of anti-Semitic violence, particularly the pogroms in Eastern Europe, significantly influenced the push for a Jewish homeland.
Question 2
First leader of the modern Zionist Movement:
Response: Theodor Herzl
Rationale: Theodor Herzl is widely recognized as the father of modern Zionism and was instrumental in organizing the First Zionist Congress.
Question 3
Impact on the Middle East of the United Nations’ vote in 1947 to separate Palestine:
Response: It caused the Israeli War for Independence in 1948.
Rationale: The UN vote led to immediate conflict, culminating in the 1948 Israeli War of Independence.
Question 4
Impact that Arab-Israeli military action had on Palestinians:
Response: Conflicts led to nearly 6 million Palestinian refugees by 2020.
Rationale: The data in the graph indicates a continued increase in the number of Palestinian refugees, reaching around 5.7 million by 2020.
Question 5
Arab League’s argument against the creation of Israel:
Response: Palestine was a majority Arab nation that had already become independent after the fall of the Ottoman Empire.
Rationale: This reflects the Arab position that the creation of Israel was unjust as Palestine was predominantly Arab when the UN proposed its partition.
Feel free to ask if you have more questions or need further clarification on these topics!