The Romantic concerto differed from earlier types of concertos in several ways, particularly in the aspects you mentioned:
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More Improvisation by the Soloist: Romantic concertos often allowed for greater freedom and expression from the soloist, leading to opportunities for improvisation. This trend reflected a shift towards personal expression and virtuosity, which were characteristic of the Romantic era.
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They Were Longer: Romantic concertos tended to be longer than their Classical predecessors. This lengthening often allowed for more expansive development of themes and emotional expression, reflecting the Romantic focus on depth and complexity of feeling.
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Place More Emphasis on Versatility Throughout the Piece: Romantic concertos frequently featured a greater variety of moods, styles, and techniques, showcasing the versatility of the soloist. Composers often wrote passages that required a range of technical skills and emotional expressions, highlighting the individuality of the performer.
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Place Greater Emphasis on the Orchestra: In contrast to earlier concertos where the focus was predominantly on the soloist, Romantic concertos tended to give the orchestra a more significant role. The orchestral accompaniment was more developed and interactive, allowing for richer textures and interplay between the soloist and the orchestra.
Each of these characteristics reflects the broader artistic goals of the Romantic period, emphasizing individual expression, emotional depth, and a more integrated approach to the relationship between soloist and orchestra.