The Romantic concerto indeed differed from earlier types of concertos in several key ways:
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Length: Romantic concertos were generally longer than their Classical predecessors. Composers often expanded the structure and added more elaborate musical ideas.
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Virtuosity: There was a significant emphasis on virtuosity in Romantic concertos. Composers wrote challenging and technically demanding passages for the soloist, showcasing their skill throughout the entire piece, rather than just in certain sections.
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Emphasis on the Orchestra: Romantic concertos often featured a more prominent role for the orchestra, with richer textures and more complex orchestration. The relationship between the soloist and the orchestra became more dynamic and equal, rather than the orchestra serving merely as accompaniment.
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Improvisation: While some Romantic concertos did allow for moments of improvisation, this was not a defining characteristic compared to earlier periods. The focus was more on composed and virtuosic passages rather than on improvised solos.
In summary, Romantic concertos were characterized by their length, increased focus on virtuosic elements for the soloist, greater orchestral involvement, and a structured but less improvisational approach compared to earlier eras.