Question
Make all of your answers as short as possible, I mean VERY short.
Study Guide: Transcription and Translation
What is a prokaryote?
What organelles do prokaryotes have and not have?
What is a eukaryote?
Where do eukaryotes store their DNA?
Where does transcription and translation occur in prokaryotes?
Where does transcription and translation occur in eukaryotes?
What is the centra dogma and what does it state?
What does DNA stand for and what does it do?
What does RNA stand for and what does it do?
What are the three types of RNA?
What base pairs does RNA have?
What is a protein?
What are the building blocks of proteins?
What does each type of RNA stand for and what are the functions?
Transcription:
What happens during transcription?
What is the DNA template used for?
What does RNA polymerase do?
What is a complementary mRNA stand?
What are the steps of transcription called?
What occurs in stage 1?
What occurs in stage 2?
What occurs in stage 3?
What signals the end of transcription?
What is the end product of transcription?
Translation:
What is translation?
What is a polypeptide?
What bond connects amino acids?
What is the genetic code?
What is a codon?
What is the start codon? What amino acid does it code for?
What are the possible stop codons?
What is the reading frame and why is it important?
What does translation require to function?
What is the purpose of the ribosomes?
What is the purpose of tRNA?
What are located on each end of the tRNA?
What is an anticodon? Give an example.
What happens during the process of translation?
What occurs during stage 1?
What occurs during stage 2?
What occurs during stage 3?
What signals the stop of translation?
DNA and Genes
What does DNA stand for?
What exactly is DNA and what does DNA control?
What is DNA made up of?
What are nucleotides made up of?
What is ribose and deoxyribose?
What are the organic bases that we most commonly deal with?
Describe the structure of DNA. What is it made up of?
What bases bind together?
What is the main job of DNA besides controlling things?
What are genes?
What do genes give you?
What do genes control?
What do mutations cause?
Mutations can cause 2 things to happen. What are those 2 things?
What are the results of those 2 things?
Write down something you know about cancer.
Study Guide: Transcription and Translation
What is a prokaryote?
What organelles do prokaryotes have and not have?
What is a eukaryote?
Where do eukaryotes store their DNA?
Where does transcription and translation occur in prokaryotes?
Where does transcription and translation occur in eukaryotes?
What is the centra dogma and what does it state?
What does DNA stand for and what does it do?
What does RNA stand for and what does it do?
What are the three types of RNA?
What base pairs does RNA have?
What is a protein?
What are the building blocks of proteins?
What does each type of RNA stand for and what are the functions?
Transcription:
What happens during transcription?
What is the DNA template used for?
What does RNA polymerase do?
What is a complementary mRNA stand?
What are the steps of transcription called?
What occurs in stage 1?
What occurs in stage 2?
What occurs in stage 3?
What signals the end of transcription?
What is the end product of transcription?
Translation:
What is translation?
What is a polypeptide?
What bond connects amino acids?
What is the genetic code?
What is a codon?
What is the start codon? What amino acid does it code for?
What are the possible stop codons?
What is the reading frame and why is it important?
What does translation require to function?
What is the purpose of the ribosomes?
What is the purpose of tRNA?
What are located on each end of the tRNA?
What is an anticodon? Give an example.
What happens during the process of translation?
What occurs during stage 1?
What occurs during stage 2?
What occurs during stage 3?
What signals the stop of translation?
DNA and Genes
What does DNA stand for?
What exactly is DNA and what does DNA control?
What is DNA made up of?
What are nucleotides made up of?
What is ribose and deoxyribose?
What are the organic bases that we most commonly deal with?
Describe the structure of DNA. What is it made up of?
What bases bind together?
What is the main job of DNA besides controlling things?
What are genes?
What do genes give you?
What do genes control?
What do mutations cause?
Mutations can cause 2 things to happen. What are those 2 things?
What are the results of those 2 things?
Write down something you know about cancer.
Answers
Answered by
GPT-4o mini
**Prokaryote:** Simple, no nucleus.
**Organelles:** No membrane-bound organelles.
**Eukaryote:** Complex, has a nucleus.
**DNA Storage in Eukaryotes:** Nucleus.
**Transcription/Translation in Prokaryotes:** Cytoplasm.
**Transcription/Translation in Eukaryotes:** Nucleus (transcription), cytoplasm (translation).
**Central Dogma:** DNA → RNA → Protein.
**DNA:** Deoxyribonucleic acid; genetic material.
**RNA:** Ribonucleic acid; protein synthesis.
**Three Types of RNA:** mRNA, tRNA, rRNA.
**RNA Base Pairs:** A-U, C-G.
**Protein:** Polypeptide chain; functional molecule.
**Building Blocks of Proteins:** Amino acids.
**RNA Types and Functions:**
- **mRNA:** Carries genetic info.
- **tRNA:** Brings amino acids.
- **rRNA:** Forms ribosomal structure.
**Transcription:** DNA to mRNA process.
**DNA Template:** Guides mRNA synthesis.
**RNA Polymerase:** Synthesizes RNA.
**Complementary mRNA Strand:** Matches DNA sequence.
**Steps of Transcription:** Initiation, elongation, termination.
**Stage 1:** Initiation, RNA polymerase binds.
**Stage 2:** Elongation, RNA strand grows.
**Stage 3:** Termination, RNA synthesis ends.
**End of Transcription Signal:** Termination sequence.
**End Product:** mRNA.
**Translation:** mRNA to protein process.
**Polypeptide:** Chain of amino acids.
**Amino Acid Bond:** Peptide bond.
**Genetic Code:** Sequence of codons.
**Codon:** Triplet of mRNA bases.
**Start Codon:** AUG; codes for methionine.
**Stop Codons:** UAA, UAG, UGA.
**Reading Frame:** Determines codon interpretation.
**Translation Requirements:** Ribosomes, tRNA, mRNA.
**Ribosome Purpose:** Protein synthesis site.
**tRNA Purpose:** Translates codons to amino acids.
**tRNA Ends:** Amino acid site, anticodon.
**Anticodon:** tRNA matching mRNA; e.g., UAC.
**Translation Process:** Decoding mRNA to make proteins.
**Stage 1:** Initiation, ribosome assembly.
**Stage 2:** Elongation, amino acids added.
**Stage 3:** Termination, polypeptide released.
**Stop Signal for Translation:** Stop codon.
**DNA:** Deoxyribonucleic acid; genetic blueprint.
**DNA Definition:** Genetic material controlling traits.
**DNA Composition:** Nucleotides.
**Nucleotide Composition:** Sugar, phosphate, base.
**Ribose/Deoxyribose:** Sugars in RNA/DNA.
**Common Organic Bases:** A, T, C, G.
**DNA Structure:** Double helix of nucleotides.
**Base Pairing:** A-T, C-G.
**Main DNA Job:** Store and transmit genetic info.
**Genes:** Segments of DNA coding for traits.
**Genes Give:** Characteristics.
**Genes Control:** Traits and functions.
**Mutations Cause:** Changes in DNA.
**Mutation Results:** Harmful effects or beneficial traits.
**Cancer Note:** Uncontrolled cell growth.
**Organelles:** No membrane-bound organelles.
**Eukaryote:** Complex, has a nucleus.
**DNA Storage in Eukaryotes:** Nucleus.
**Transcription/Translation in Prokaryotes:** Cytoplasm.
**Transcription/Translation in Eukaryotes:** Nucleus (transcription), cytoplasm (translation).
**Central Dogma:** DNA → RNA → Protein.
**DNA:** Deoxyribonucleic acid; genetic material.
**RNA:** Ribonucleic acid; protein synthesis.
**Three Types of RNA:** mRNA, tRNA, rRNA.
**RNA Base Pairs:** A-U, C-G.
**Protein:** Polypeptide chain; functional molecule.
**Building Blocks of Proteins:** Amino acids.
**RNA Types and Functions:**
- **mRNA:** Carries genetic info.
- **tRNA:** Brings amino acids.
- **rRNA:** Forms ribosomal structure.
**Transcription:** DNA to mRNA process.
**DNA Template:** Guides mRNA synthesis.
**RNA Polymerase:** Synthesizes RNA.
**Complementary mRNA Strand:** Matches DNA sequence.
**Steps of Transcription:** Initiation, elongation, termination.
**Stage 1:** Initiation, RNA polymerase binds.
**Stage 2:** Elongation, RNA strand grows.
**Stage 3:** Termination, RNA synthesis ends.
**End of Transcription Signal:** Termination sequence.
**End Product:** mRNA.
**Translation:** mRNA to protein process.
**Polypeptide:** Chain of amino acids.
**Amino Acid Bond:** Peptide bond.
**Genetic Code:** Sequence of codons.
**Codon:** Triplet of mRNA bases.
**Start Codon:** AUG; codes for methionine.
**Stop Codons:** UAA, UAG, UGA.
**Reading Frame:** Determines codon interpretation.
**Translation Requirements:** Ribosomes, tRNA, mRNA.
**Ribosome Purpose:** Protein synthesis site.
**tRNA Purpose:** Translates codons to amino acids.
**tRNA Ends:** Amino acid site, anticodon.
**Anticodon:** tRNA matching mRNA; e.g., UAC.
**Translation Process:** Decoding mRNA to make proteins.
**Stage 1:** Initiation, ribosome assembly.
**Stage 2:** Elongation, amino acids added.
**Stage 3:** Termination, polypeptide released.
**Stop Signal for Translation:** Stop codon.
**DNA:** Deoxyribonucleic acid; genetic blueprint.
**DNA Definition:** Genetic material controlling traits.
**DNA Composition:** Nucleotides.
**Nucleotide Composition:** Sugar, phosphate, base.
**Ribose/Deoxyribose:** Sugars in RNA/DNA.
**Common Organic Bases:** A, T, C, G.
**DNA Structure:** Double helix of nucleotides.
**Base Pairing:** A-T, C-G.
**Main DNA Job:** Store and transmit genetic info.
**Genes:** Segments of DNA coding for traits.
**Genes Give:** Characteristics.
**Genes Control:** Traits and functions.
**Mutations Cause:** Changes in DNA.
**Mutation Results:** Harmful effects or beneficial traits.
**Cancer Note:** Uncontrolled cell growth.