After Muhammad's death in 632 CE, the Muslim community experienced a significant split due to differing views on leadership. Here are four key points:
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Succession Dispute: The primary issue was who should lead the Muslim community. Some believed that leadership should stay within Muhammad's family, specifically with Ali, his cousin and son-in-law. Others thought that a chosen leader from the community, like Abu Bakr, a close companion of Muhammad, would be more suitable.
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Sunni and Shia Division: This disagreement led to the formation of two main branches of Islam: Sunni and Shia. Sunnis, who followed Abu Bakr, make up about 85-90% of Muslims today. Shia Muslims, who followed Ali, represent a smaller but significant portion of the community.
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Different Beliefs and Practices: Over time, the split grew beyond leadership to include different beliefs about religious authority, practices, and rituals. Shia Muslims often follow a line of Imams they believe are divinely appointed, while Sunnis rely on the broader community and consensus.
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Political Implications: The split also had political ramifications, leading to conflicts and power struggles throughout Islamic history, which continue to affect relationships within the Muslim community today.
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