Question

Read the following scenarios and determine each pattern of evolution being described.


4000 years ago, a population of cichlid fish were isolated in Lake Nagubago in central Uganda. Since then 5 new species have formed, distinguished by their differing coloration and mating rituals. These five groups of fish are considered unique species because they do not naturally interbreed.

Answer 1

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Answer 2

The scenario described illustrates **sympatric speciation**. In this case, the cichlid fish population became isolated in a specific environment (Lake Nagubago) and, over time, evolved into distinct species without geographical barriers preventing interbreeding. The differentiation in coloration and mating rituals among the five species suggests that they are adapting to different ecological niches and reproductive strategies within the same geographical area. This form of speciation often occurs in environments where species can exploit different resources or have varying mating preferences, leading to reproductive isolation even in the same habitat.