Question

What is the difference between a noun phrase and a noun clause? This says to change box b into noun phrases to match box A.

Example: I can't get over... I hear her rude comments.

I can't get over hearing her rude comments.

But in this section of the book, it explaines this as a clause.

Answer 1

clause is a part of a sentence which has its own subject and object.

predicate is that part of a sentence which does not make a complete sense of its own but either has a subject or a predicate.

noun clause and noun phrase both work as a noun in the sentence.

Answer 2

"I can't get over <u>hearing her rude comments</u>."
The underlined part is a <b>gerund phrase</b>. You are correct that it is not a clause. Here's an example of a noun clause (underlined):

I can't stand <u>whoever makes such rude comments</u>.

This is incorrect:
"predicate is that part of a sentence which does not make a complete sense of its own but either has a subject or a predicate."

Here is a good explanation with examples:
http://grammar.ccc.commnet.edu/grammar/objects.htm#predicate