Question
1. What absolute monarch attempted to westernize Russia after traveling through Western Europe?
2. Absolute monarchs argued their power must not be challenges because of what idea?
3. Who became known as the Sun King?
4. William and Mary became King and Queen after agreeing to sign what document?
5. What did each of these enlightenment thinkers believe:
a. Hobbes
b. Locke
c. Montesquieu
d. Voltaire
e. Rousseau
6. King James I thought he could unite his holdings in Wales, England, Scotland and Ireland by declaring himself what title?
7. What was the cause of the English Civil War?
8. In addition to the English Civil War, what else was killing people in Great Britain around this time?
9. Which group made up the First Estate in France?
10. Which group made up the “Second Estate” under France’s ancient regime?
11. Which group made up the Third Estate in France?
12. Why did King Louis XVI call a meeting of the Estates General to be held in spring 1789?
13. Which legislative body ended the monarchy and proclaimed France a republic?
14. What is the correct sequence of legislative bodies that governed France during the Revolution from first to last?
15. What led to most of France’s economic problems before the French Revolution?
16. What are the 4 phases of the French Revolution?
17. What was the Regin of Terror?
18. In what year did Napoleon declare himself Emperor?
19. Completed in 1804, what document standardized the laws of citizenship, family, and property in France?
20. What was the downside of the Napoleonic Code?
21. In what way did Napoleon attempt to unite all of Europe?
22. Napoleon’s rule led to a rise in what ideal throughout conquered lands?
23. The Russian Army practiced what type of tactics in response to Napoleon invading?
24. What were Napoleons achievements?
25. What factors led to the fall of Napoleon?
26. What was accomplished at the Congress of Vienna?
27. Why was Haiti considered the most valuable colony in the West Indies?
28. What did each of these documents accomplish:
a. Magna Carta:
b. English Bill of Rights:
c. Declaration of Independence:
d. US Bill of Rights:
e. Declaration of Rights of Man and Citizen:
29. What was the major reason the American Revolution was fought?
30. What was one of Louis XIV’s greatest accomplishments?
31. What marked the beginning of the French Revolution?
32. List the major causes of the French Revolution:
33. What is the difference between the Jacobins and Girondins?
34. What was the Estates-General?
35. What was the Tennis Court Oath?
36. How did Napoleon fall from power and where was he exiled (exiled to two different places)?
2. Absolute monarchs argued their power must not be challenges because of what idea?
3. Who became known as the Sun King?
4. William and Mary became King and Queen after agreeing to sign what document?
5. What did each of these enlightenment thinkers believe:
a. Hobbes
b. Locke
c. Montesquieu
d. Voltaire
e. Rousseau
6. King James I thought he could unite his holdings in Wales, England, Scotland and Ireland by declaring himself what title?
7. What was the cause of the English Civil War?
8. In addition to the English Civil War, what else was killing people in Great Britain around this time?
9. Which group made up the First Estate in France?
10. Which group made up the “Second Estate” under France’s ancient regime?
11. Which group made up the Third Estate in France?
12. Why did King Louis XVI call a meeting of the Estates General to be held in spring 1789?
13. Which legislative body ended the monarchy and proclaimed France a republic?
14. What is the correct sequence of legislative bodies that governed France during the Revolution from first to last?
15. What led to most of France’s economic problems before the French Revolution?
16. What are the 4 phases of the French Revolution?
17. What was the Regin of Terror?
18. In what year did Napoleon declare himself Emperor?
19. Completed in 1804, what document standardized the laws of citizenship, family, and property in France?
20. What was the downside of the Napoleonic Code?
21. In what way did Napoleon attempt to unite all of Europe?
22. Napoleon’s rule led to a rise in what ideal throughout conquered lands?
23. The Russian Army practiced what type of tactics in response to Napoleon invading?
24. What were Napoleons achievements?
25. What factors led to the fall of Napoleon?
26. What was accomplished at the Congress of Vienna?
27. Why was Haiti considered the most valuable colony in the West Indies?
28. What did each of these documents accomplish:
a. Magna Carta:
b. English Bill of Rights:
c. Declaration of Independence:
d. US Bill of Rights:
e. Declaration of Rights of Man and Citizen:
29. What was the major reason the American Revolution was fought?
30. What was one of Louis XIV’s greatest accomplishments?
31. What marked the beginning of the French Revolution?
32. List the major causes of the French Revolution:
33. What is the difference between the Jacobins and Girondins?
34. What was the Estates-General?
35. What was the Tennis Court Oath?
36. How did Napoleon fall from power and where was he exiled (exiled to two different places)?
Answers
Answered by
GPT-4o mini
1. **Peter the Great** attempted to westernize Russia after traveling through Western Europe.
2. Absolute monarchs argued that their power must not be challenged because of the idea of **divine right of kings**, which held that their authority was derived from God.
3. **Louis XIV** became known as the Sun King.
4. William and Mary became King and Queen after agreeing to sign the **English Bill of Rights**.
5. Enlightenment thinkers believed the following:
a. **Hobbes**: Believed in a strong central authority to prevent chaos; social contract emphasizing absolute sovereignty.
b. **Locke**: Advocated for natural rights (life, liberty, property) and the idea of government as a protector of these rights; believed in the right to revolution.
c. **Montesquieu**: Proposed the separation of powers within government to avoid tyranny; checks and balances system.
d. **Voltaire**: Championed freedom of speech and religious tolerance; criticized established religions and dogma.
e. **Rousseau**: Emphasized the importance of the general will and social contract; believed in the inherent goodness of man but corrupted by society.
6. King James I thought he could unite his holdings in Wales, England, Scotland, and Ireland by declaring himself **King of Great Britain**.
7. The cause of the English Civil War was **conflict over how England should be governed and issues of power between the monarchy and Parliament**.
8. In addition to the English Civil War, **the bubonic plague** was also killing people in Great Britain at that time.
9. The group that made up the **First Estate** in France was the **clergy**.
10. The group that made up the **Second Estate** under France’s ancient regime was the **nobility**.
11. The group that made up the **Third Estate** in France included **commoners** (bourgeoisie, workers, and peasants).
12. King Louis XVI called a meeting of the Estates General to be held in spring 1789 due to **financial crisis and demands for reform**.
13. The legislative body that ended the monarchy and proclaimed France a republic was the **National Convention**.
14. The correct sequence of legislative bodies that governed France during the Revolution from first to last includes:
1. Estates-General
2. National Assembly
3. Legislative Assembly
4. National Convention
5. The Directory
15. Most of France’s economic problems before the French Revolution were led by **heavy taxation, bad harvests, and extravagant spending by the monarchy**.
16. The four phases of the French Revolution include:
1. National Assembly (1789–1791)
2. Radical Phase (1792–1794, including the Reign of Terror)
3. Directory (1795–1799)
4. Consulate (1799 onwards)
17. The **Reign of Terror** was a period during the French Revolution characterized by extreme political repression and mass executions of perceived enemies of the revolution.
18. Napoleon declared himself **Emperor in 1804**.
19. The **Napoleonic Code**, completed in 1804, standardized the laws of citizenship, family, and property in France.
20. The downside of the Napoleonic Code was that it **restricted certain individual rights, particularly women's rights and civil liberties**.
21. Napoleon attempted to unite all of Europe through **military conquest and the establishment of revolutionary ideals across the continent**.
22. Napoleon’s rule led to a rise in the ideal of **nationalism** throughout conquered lands.
23. The Russian Army practiced **scorched earth tactics** in response to Napoleon invading.
24. Napoleon's achievements include:
- Establishing the Napoleonic Code
- Reforming the French educational and legal systems
- Expanding French territories through military conquests
- Consolidating the French state and reducing the power of church and nobility
25. Factors that led to the fall of Napoleon included:
- The failed invasion of Russia
- The rise of nationalist sentiments in conquered regions
- The dissolution of alliances
- Economic problems and the continental system
26. The **Congress of Vienna** accomplished the reorganization of Europe after the Napoleonic Wars, restoring monarchies and establishing a balance of power to prevent future conflicts.
27. Haiti was considered the most valuable colony in the West Indies because of its **sugar production**, which was highly profitable.
28. The accomplishments of these documents include:
a. **Magna Carta**: Limited the powers of the king and established the principle of due process.
b. **English Bill of Rights**: Defined and guaranteed civil rights and freedoms for individuals and placed limits on royal authority.
c. **Declaration of Independence**: Asserted the American colonies' right to self-governance and independence from Britain.
d. **US Bill of Rights**: Guaranteed individual rights and freedoms in the United States.
e. **Declaration of Rights of Man and Citizen**: Established fundamental rights for citizens in post-revolutionary France, influenced by Enlightenment ideals.
29. The major reason the American Revolution was fought was **to gain independence from British rule, particularly in response to taxation without representation and the desire for self-governance**.
30. One of Louis XIV’s greatest accomplishments was the **construction of the Palace of Versailles**, symbolizing his absolute power and the height of French culture.
31. The event that marked the beginning of the French Revolution was the **Estates-General meeting in 1789** and the subsequent formation of the **National Assembly**.
32. Major causes of the French Revolution include:
- Economic hardship and financial crisis
- Social inequality among the estates
- Enlightenment ideas of liberty and equality
- Weak leadership from King Louis XVI
33. The difference between the **Jacobins** and **Girondins** was primarily ideological; Jacobins were more radical and favored a centralized government, while Girondins were more moderate, supporting more power for provincial governments.
34. The **Estates-General** was a legislative assembly in France composed of representatives from the three estates: clergy, nobility, and commoners.
35. The **Tennis Court Oath** was an event where members of the Third Estate vowed not to disband until a constitution was established for France.
36. Napoleon fell from power through a combination of military defeat, particularly the failure in Russia, and political maneuvering that led to his abdication in 1814. He was first exiled to the island of **Elba** and later, after returning to power for a brief period, was exiled to **Saint Helena**.
2. Absolute monarchs argued that their power must not be challenged because of the idea of **divine right of kings**, which held that their authority was derived from God.
3. **Louis XIV** became known as the Sun King.
4. William and Mary became King and Queen after agreeing to sign the **English Bill of Rights**.
5. Enlightenment thinkers believed the following:
a. **Hobbes**: Believed in a strong central authority to prevent chaos; social contract emphasizing absolute sovereignty.
b. **Locke**: Advocated for natural rights (life, liberty, property) and the idea of government as a protector of these rights; believed in the right to revolution.
c. **Montesquieu**: Proposed the separation of powers within government to avoid tyranny; checks and balances system.
d. **Voltaire**: Championed freedom of speech and religious tolerance; criticized established religions and dogma.
e. **Rousseau**: Emphasized the importance of the general will and social contract; believed in the inherent goodness of man but corrupted by society.
6. King James I thought he could unite his holdings in Wales, England, Scotland, and Ireland by declaring himself **King of Great Britain**.
7. The cause of the English Civil War was **conflict over how England should be governed and issues of power between the monarchy and Parliament**.
8. In addition to the English Civil War, **the bubonic plague** was also killing people in Great Britain at that time.
9. The group that made up the **First Estate** in France was the **clergy**.
10. The group that made up the **Second Estate** under France’s ancient regime was the **nobility**.
11. The group that made up the **Third Estate** in France included **commoners** (bourgeoisie, workers, and peasants).
12. King Louis XVI called a meeting of the Estates General to be held in spring 1789 due to **financial crisis and demands for reform**.
13. The legislative body that ended the monarchy and proclaimed France a republic was the **National Convention**.
14. The correct sequence of legislative bodies that governed France during the Revolution from first to last includes:
1. Estates-General
2. National Assembly
3. Legislative Assembly
4. National Convention
5. The Directory
15. Most of France’s economic problems before the French Revolution were led by **heavy taxation, bad harvests, and extravagant spending by the monarchy**.
16. The four phases of the French Revolution include:
1. National Assembly (1789–1791)
2. Radical Phase (1792–1794, including the Reign of Terror)
3. Directory (1795–1799)
4. Consulate (1799 onwards)
17. The **Reign of Terror** was a period during the French Revolution characterized by extreme political repression and mass executions of perceived enemies of the revolution.
18. Napoleon declared himself **Emperor in 1804**.
19. The **Napoleonic Code**, completed in 1804, standardized the laws of citizenship, family, and property in France.
20. The downside of the Napoleonic Code was that it **restricted certain individual rights, particularly women's rights and civil liberties**.
21. Napoleon attempted to unite all of Europe through **military conquest and the establishment of revolutionary ideals across the continent**.
22. Napoleon’s rule led to a rise in the ideal of **nationalism** throughout conquered lands.
23. The Russian Army practiced **scorched earth tactics** in response to Napoleon invading.
24. Napoleon's achievements include:
- Establishing the Napoleonic Code
- Reforming the French educational and legal systems
- Expanding French territories through military conquests
- Consolidating the French state and reducing the power of church and nobility
25. Factors that led to the fall of Napoleon included:
- The failed invasion of Russia
- The rise of nationalist sentiments in conquered regions
- The dissolution of alliances
- Economic problems and the continental system
26. The **Congress of Vienna** accomplished the reorganization of Europe after the Napoleonic Wars, restoring monarchies and establishing a balance of power to prevent future conflicts.
27. Haiti was considered the most valuable colony in the West Indies because of its **sugar production**, which was highly profitable.
28. The accomplishments of these documents include:
a. **Magna Carta**: Limited the powers of the king and established the principle of due process.
b. **English Bill of Rights**: Defined and guaranteed civil rights and freedoms for individuals and placed limits on royal authority.
c. **Declaration of Independence**: Asserted the American colonies' right to self-governance and independence from Britain.
d. **US Bill of Rights**: Guaranteed individual rights and freedoms in the United States.
e. **Declaration of Rights of Man and Citizen**: Established fundamental rights for citizens in post-revolutionary France, influenced by Enlightenment ideals.
29. The major reason the American Revolution was fought was **to gain independence from British rule, particularly in response to taxation without representation and the desire for self-governance**.
30. One of Louis XIV’s greatest accomplishments was the **construction of the Palace of Versailles**, symbolizing his absolute power and the height of French culture.
31. The event that marked the beginning of the French Revolution was the **Estates-General meeting in 1789** and the subsequent formation of the **National Assembly**.
32. Major causes of the French Revolution include:
- Economic hardship and financial crisis
- Social inequality among the estates
- Enlightenment ideas of liberty and equality
- Weak leadership from King Louis XVI
33. The difference between the **Jacobins** and **Girondins** was primarily ideological; Jacobins were more radical and favored a centralized government, while Girondins were more moderate, supporting more power for provincial governments.
34. The **Estates-General** was a legislative assembly in France composed of representatives from the three estates: clergy, nobility, and commoners.
35. The **Tennis Court Oath** was an event where members of the Third Estate vowed not to disband until a constitution was established for France.
36. Napoleon fell from power through a combination of military defeat, particularly the failure in Russia, and political maneuvering that led to his abdication in 1814. He was first exiled to the island of **Elba** and later, after returning to power for a brief period, was exiled to **Saint Helena**.
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